Educational Trainers

PC Based Manual Antenna Trainer has been designed to provide useful tools for hands on experimentation and teaching of various commonly used antennas in UHF-Microwave band in the laboratory for students of all levels. It can be used in stand-alone mode. In this system, receiving antenna is rotated manually from 0 to 360 degrees and accordingly the signal strength can be monitored on the Receiver. It comes with a polar plotting software for storing readings manually.

The system consists of a set of two tripods one for mounting the transmitting antenna and another for mounting the receiving antenna,11 antennas, RF transmitter / receiver, antenna plotting software and relevant accessories/ cables.


RF Transmitter:

• Frequency : 600-750 MHz continuously variable
• Output Impedance : 75 Ohms
• RF Level : 100 dBuVTypical
• Power Supply : 230V  50 Hz

 

RF Receiver:

• Frequency : 610 MHz Helical band Pass Filter
• Bandwidth : 5 Mhz
• Input Impedance : 75 Ohms
• Measurement : RF level in dBuV with 0.1dB resolution
• Display : 3 ½ LCD
• Dynamic Range : 50 dB Log
• Power Supply : 230V  50 Hz

 

Experiments:

• Variation of field strength with distance
• Plot radiation pattern of omni directional antenna
• Plot radiation pattern of directional antenna
• Polarization of vertical and horizontal antenna
• Study resonant and non resonant antenna
• Demonstrate reciprocity theorem of antennas
• Study current distribution along the element of antenna
• Study different antennas polar plots, radiation patterns, gain, beam width, front back ratio
• Comparison of different antennas

 

 

PC Based Manual Antenna Trainer has been designed to provide useful tools for hands on experimentation and teaching of various commonly used antennas in VHF-UHF-Microwave band in the laboratory for students of all levels. It can be used in stand-alone mode aswell as be interfaced with a computer via RS-232 interface. In this Receiving antenna is rotated manually from 0 to 360 degrees and accordingly receiving antennas signal strength can be monitored on the Receiver.

The system consists of a set of two tripods one for mounting the transmitting antenna and another for mounting the receiving antenna, 22 Antennas, RF Transmitter/ Receiver, Antenna Plotting Software and relevant accessories/ cables.


RF Transmitter:

• Frequency : 100 850 MHz Crystal Controlled
• Intervals : 50 MHz
• Accuracy : 0.01%
• Output Impedance : 75 Ohms
• RF Level : 90 dBuV Typical
• Output Level : Variable with Switchable Attenuator
• Modulation : 1 Khz Test Tone
• Power Supply : 230V  50 Hz

 

RF Receiver:

 

• Frequency : 86 860 MHz PLL Controlled
• Step Size : 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 10, 100 MHz
• Accuracy : 0.01%
• Display : 16X2 Backlit LCD
• Functions : Menu, Enter, Escape, Up & Down
• Memory Location : 1000 individual frequencies can be stored/recalled
• Input Impedance : 75 Ohms
• Measurement : RF level in dBuV with 0.1dB resolution
• Dynamic Range : 110 dB (70 dB Log + 40 dB Attenuator)
• Speaker : Inbuilt for Audio output
• Manual Mode : Data logging for antenna gain & polar/cartesian plot
• RS232 interface : Easy connectivity to PC using polar pattern plotting software
• Power Supply : 230V  50 Hz

 

Experiments:

• Variation of field strength with distance.
• Plot radiation pattern of omni directional antenna.
• Plot radiation pattern of directional antenna.
• Polarization of vertical and horizontal antenna.
• Study resonant and non resonant antenna and estimate VSWR and impedance.
• Demonstrate reciprocity theorem of antennas.
• Study current distribution along the element of antenna.
• Study different antennas polar plots, radiation patterns, gain, beam width, front back ratio.
• Comparison of different antennas.

 

PC Based Motorized Antenna Trainer has been designed to provide useful tools for hands on experimentation and teaching of various commonly used antennas in VHF-UHF-Microwave band in the laboratory for students of all levels. It can be used in stand-alone mode as well as be interfaced with a computer via RS-232 interface. In this Receiving Antenna can be rotated from 0 to 360 Degrees automatically with the help of Stepper motor controller unit and accordingly Receiving Antennas Signal strength can be monitored.The system consists of a set of two tripods one for mounting the transmitting antenna and another stepper motor controlled antenna positioning tripod for mounting the receiving antenna, 22Antennas, RF Transmitter, RF Receiver, Stepper Controller Unit, Antenna Plotting Software and relevant accessories/ cables.

 

RF Transmitter:

 

• Frequency : 100 - 850 MHz Crystal Controlled
• Intervals : 50 MHz
• Accuracy : 0.01%
• Output Impedance : 75 Ohms
• RF Level : 90 dBuV Typical
• Output Level : Variable with Switchable Attenuator
• Modulation : 1 Khz Test Tone
• Power Supply : 230V  50 Hz

 

RF Receiver:

• Frequency : 86 860 MHz PLL Controlled
• Step Size : 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 10, 100 MHz
• Accuracy : 0.01%
• Display : 16X2 Backlit LCD
• Function s : Menu, Enter, Escape, Up & Down
• Memory Location : 1000 individual frequencies can be stored/recalled
• Input Impedance : 75 Ohms
• Measurement : RF level in dBuV with 0.1dB resolution
• Dynamic Range : 110 dB (70 dB Log + 40 dB Attenuator)
• Speaker : Inbuilt for Audio output
• Manual/ Auto Mode : Data logging for antenna gain & polar/cartesian plot with stepper motor
• RS232 interface : Easy connectivity to PC using polar pattern plotting software
• Power Supply : 230V  50 Hz

 

Stepper Motor Controller Unit:

• Rotation : 0-360 Degrees with 1 Deg resolution
• Angular Steps : 1, 5, 10, 45 degrees
• Display : 16X2 Backlit LCD
• Function s : Menu, Enter, Escape, Up & Down
• Memory : 1000 memories for storing angular positions for quick recall
• Auto mode : Automatic Rotation with Interface to Receiver
• Mode : Clockwise/Anti Clockwise Rotation, Fast /Slow Speed

 

Experiments:

• Variation of field strength with distance
• Plot radiation pattern of omni directional antenna
• Plot radiation pattern of directional antenna
• Polarization of vertical and horizontal antenna
• Study resonant and non resonant antenna and estimate VSWR and impedance
• Demonstrate reciprocity theorem of antennas
• Study current distribution along the element of antenna
• Study different antennas polar plots, radiation patterns, gain, beam width, front back ratio
• Comparison of different antennas

Antennas

• Dipole L/2
• Dipole L/4
• Dipole 3L/2
• Folded Dipole
• Yagi Uda (3E)
• Yagi Uda (4E)
• Ground Plane with Reflector & Director
• Slot
• Square Loop
• Rhombus
• Axial Mode Helix RHCP
• Endfire (Phase Array L/2)
• Phase Array L/4
• Broadside Array L/2
• Microstrip Patch
• Log Periodic
• Zepplin (Horizontal End Fed)
• Crossed Dipole LHCP
• Crossed Dipole RHCP
• Sleeve
• Axial Mode Helix LHCP
• Monopole

Features:

• Emulation of path loss at uplink and downlink
• Emulation of frequency translation
• High RF output power and low noise
• PLL synthesizer in Transmitter, Receiver and Satellite
• Condenser microphone and speaker for audio link
• Camera and Video to VGA converter Card for video link
• 2 Dish & 2 Patch for linear polarization study
• C/N and S/N measurement facility
• Transmit Audio, Video, Digital/analog data, Tone, Voice, functiongenerator waveforms etc.
• Receives & demodulates 3 Signals Simultaneously

 

Technical Specifications Satellite Uplinking Transmitter

• Frequency : 4 channels in 2.4 to 2.5 Ghz band ;
• PLL with frequency selection switch &
• LED indication
• Spurious output : - 30 dB typical
• RF Output Z : 75 Ohms Unbalanced
• RF output level : +3 dBm nominal with wideband RF amplifier with no manual matching required
• Path Loss : Upto 35dB variable attenuation
• Audio 1 : Int. 1KHz sine wave / Ext Mic Ext. Function
• Generator waveform
• Audio 2 : Int. 1KHz sine wave / Ext Mic Ext. Function
• Generator waveform
• Video : Analog Camera/VCD compatible
• Waveform : upto 5MHz function generator
• Digital : Max rate 100KHz typical
• Baseband : Transmits 3 signals simultaneously at each uplink frequency
• Processor : PIC16F4 - 8 bit RISC processor based PLL with 4 Mhz clock
• Bandwidth : 16 Mhz
• Modulation : 5/ 5.5MHz Audio FM Modulation 8 Mhz
• Video FM Modulation
• Antenna : Detachable Parabolic dish with mount
• Inputs : separate terminals for different inputs
• Power Supply : 100-240V AC 47-63Hz

 

Satellite downlink receiver

• Frequency : 4 channels in 2.4 to 2.5 Ghz band PLL Controlled ISM Band
• RF Input Z : 75 Ohms Unbalanced
• Sensitivity : -80dBm
• Audio 1out : Speaker inbuilt/output
• Audio 2 out : Speaker inbuilt/output
• Video Out : 5MHz, 1V p/p
• Digital : Max rate 100KHz typical TTL
• RSSI Out : Received signal strength output for C/N measurement
• IF : 479.5MHz
• Antenna : Detachable Parabolic dish with mount
• Demodulation : Receives & demodulates 3 signals simulataneously
• Power Supply : 100-240V AC 47-63Hz

Satellite link emulator transponder uplink

• Frequency : 4 channels in 2.4 to 2.5 Ghz band ; PLL Synthesized
• ISM Band with select switch
• RF Input Z : 75 Ohms unbalanced
• Sensitivity : -80dBm

 

Transponder Downlink

• Frequency : 4 channels in 2.4 to 2.5 Ghz band ; PLL
• Synthesized ISM Band
• Spurious output : - 30 dB typical
• RF Output Z : 75 Ohms unbalanced
• RF output level : 0 dBm nominal
• Path Loss : 30dB variable attenuation
• Link Fail : Switch to disable link
• Band limiting : 16MHz fixed typical
• Antennas : Patch antenna X2
• Power Supply : 100-240V AC 47-63Hz
• Accessories : Camera, microphone, video to VGA
• converter Card, cables BNC-BNC X2

Satellite Communication Lab Features:

• Microwave 2.4 GHz operation satellite trainer
• 500MHz spectrum analyser providedfele
• Tele-command and telemetry facility
• Different baud rates PC-PC link.
• Emulation of variable signal fading, variable thermal noise
• Variable propagation delay.
• Total 4 variable path loss at uplink and downlink channels
• High RF output power and low noise
• LCD display of PLL synthesized frequency in transmitter,
• Receiver and satellite emulator
• Condenser microphone and speaker for audio link
• Camera and video to VGA converter for video link
• Satellite has built-in antennas, transponder for link
• Helix (LHCP X 2 & RHCP X 2), log periodic X 2, Dish X 2 & Patch X 2 for linear & circular polarization study
• Signal monitoring outputs at uplink & downlink
• C/N and S/N measurement facility

 

Technical specifications satellite uplinking transmitter

• Frequency :Frequency : 2.4, 2.427, 2.454 & 2.481 GHz PLL synthesized ISM Band
• Display : LCD 16X2 backlit spurious output : 30 dB typical
• RF Output Z : 75 Ohms unbalanced
• RF output level : +3 dBm nominal
• Path Loss : Upto 35dB variable attenuation
• Audio 1 : Int. 1KHz sine wave / Ext Mic Ext. function generator waveform
• Audio 2 : Int. 1KHz sine wave / Ext Mic Ext. function generator waveform
• Video : Colour/monochrome camera/VCD
• Waveform : upto 5MHz function generator
• Digital : Max bit rate 500KHz typical
• RS232 : PC serial port compatible intput
• Tele-command : Selectable 4 bit binary input with selectable 4 addresses
• Enable : Telecommand frame available at digital input
• FM deviation : Variable on audio and video/data

 

Satellite downlink receiver

• Frequency :2.4, 2.427, 2.454 & 2.481 GHz PLL Synthesized ISM Band
• Display : LCD 16 X 2 Backlit
• RF Input Z : 75 Ohms Unbalanced
• Sensitivity : -85dBm
• Path Loss : 20dB typical variable attenuation
• Audio 1out : Speaker inbuilt/output
• Audio 2 out : Speaker inbuilt/output
• Video Out : 5MHz bandwidth, 1V p/p
• Digital : Max bit rate 500KHz typical TTL
• Rs232 : PC serial port compatible output
• Down-converter : 400-500MHz output for spectrum analysis
• Telemetry : 4 bit binary LED output with Selectable 4 addresses
• Valid/Error : Tele-command frame available at correction digital output
• RSSI Out : Received signal strength output for C/N measurement

RF TRAINING SYSTEM

Technical Specifications:

RF Tuned AmplifierModule

Center freq. : 100-150 MHz typ. varactor tuned

RF Oscillators:

a.  RFT-02-A Colpitts RF Oscillator Module:
     Frequency : >100 MHz typical

b.  RFT-02-B Hartley RF Oscillator Module:
     Frequency : >100 MHz varactor tunable

c.  RFT-02-C Clapp RF Oscillator Module:
     Frequency : >100 MHz varactor tunable

d.  RFT-02-D Pierce RF Oscillator Module:
     Frequency : 48.25 Mhz

RF Crystal Oscillators

a.  RFT-03-A Feedback Crystal Oscillator Mod.:
     Frequency : 10 MHz typical

b.  RFT-03-B Colpitts Crystal Oscillator module:
     Frequency : 38.9 MHz typical

c.  RFT-03-C Butler Crystal oscillator module:
     Frequency : above 80 MHz

d.  RFT-03-D Crystal frequency multiplier mod.:
     2nd harmonic : >10dB fundamental

IF Amplifiers:

a.  RFT-04-A FM IF amplifier module:
     Center freq. : 10.7 MHz

b.  RFT-04-B TVVIF amplifier module:
     Center freq. : 36.15 MHz

c.  RFT-04-C Satellite IF amplifier module:
     Center freq. : 479.5MHz typical

RF Mixers:             

a.  RFT-05-A Single ended Diode Mixer:
     LO /RF freq. : 500-1000 MHz typical

b.  RFT-05-B Single Balanced Diode mixer:
     LO/RF freq . : 25-500 MHz typical

c.  RFT-05-C Double balanced diode mixer:
     RF / LO freq. : 500-1000 MHz typical

d.  RFT-05-D Transistor Mixer Module:
     LO input typical : 400-600 MHz
     Conversion gain : +3dB

RF Filters

a.  RFT-06-A1 High Pass Filter Module:
     Filter type : Butterworth 7th order
     Cut off freq. : 350 MHz typical

b.  RFT-06-A2 High Pass Filter Module:
     Filter type : Chebyshev 7th order
     Cut off freq. : 350 MHz typical

c.  RFT-06-B1 Low Pass Filter Module:
     Filter type   : Butterworth 7th order 
     Cut off freq. : 350 MHz typical

d.  RFT-06-B2 Low Pass Filter Module:
     Filter type   : Chebyshev 7th order
     Cut off freq. : 350 MHz typical

e.  RFT-06-C1 Band Pass Filter Module:
     Filter type : Butterworth 5th order
     F1 & F2 : 100 & 350 MHz typical

F.   FT-06-C2 Band Pass Filter Module:
     Filter type : Chebyshev 5th order
     F1 & F2    : 100 & 350 MHz typical

g.   RFT-06-D Notch Filter Module:
      Center freq. : 350 MHz nominal

The microwave test benches are precision made microwave systems, which use standard type rectangular wave-guide components to illustrate the essential elements of this field for study.

The equipment consist of :

• A selection of wave-guide components
• The power supply for the microwave source
• A detector
• A meter, which monitors the detector output
• Wall chart
• Microwave chart

These training benches are completely self-contained & provide the means to allow students to carry out practical work at extremely low cost. A comprehensive manual containing extensive microwave theory and a progressive series of assignments is supplied with the Trainer.

Experiments:

• Study of reflex klystron
• Frequency, guide wavelength measurement
• SWR, reflection co-efficient measurement
• Impedance measurement

The Microwave Test Benches are precision made microwave systems, which use standard type rectangular wave-guide components to illustrate the essential elements of this field for study.

The equipment consist of :

•  A selection of wave-guide components
•  The power supply for the microwave source
•  A detector
• A meter, which monitors the detector output
•  Wall Chart
•  Microwave Chart

These Training Benches are completely self-contained & provide the means to allow students to carry out practical work at extremely low cost. A comprehensive manual containing extensive microwave theory and a progressive series of assignments is supplied with the Trainer.

Experiments

• Study of Gunn Oscillator
• Frequency, Guide Wavelength Measurement
• SWR, Reflection Co-efficient Measurement
• Impedance Measurement

The Microwave Test Benches are precision made microwave systems, which use standard type rectangular wave-guide components to illustrate the essential elements of this field for study.     

The equipment consist of :

•  A selection of wave-guide components        
•  The power supply for the microwave source  
•  A detector                                             
•  A meter, which monitors the detector output
•  Wall Chart          
•  Microwave Chart   

These Training Benches are completely self-contained & provide the means to allow students to carry out practical work at extremely low cost. A comprehensive manual containing extensive microwave theory and a progressive series of assignments is supplied with the Trainer.         

Experiments

• Dielectric Constant Measurement of Solids     
• Dielectric Constant Measurement of Liquid     
• Phase Shift Measurement.     
  

The microwave test benches are precision made microwave systems, which use standard type rectangular wave-guide components to illustrate the essential elements of this field for study.

The equipment consist of :

•  A selection of wave-guide components
•  The power supply for the microwave source
•  A detector
•  A meter, which monitors the detector output
•  Wall Chart
•  Microwave Chart

These Training Benches are completely self-contained & provide the means to allow students to carry out practical work at extremely low cost. A comprehensive manual containing extensive microwave theory and a progressive series of assignments is supplied with the Trainer.

Experiments:

• Measurement of radiation pattern of antennas
• Measurement of gain of antennas

The Microwave Test Benches are precision made microwave systems, which use standard type rectangular wave-guide components to illustrate the essential elements of this field for study.

The equipment consist of:

• A selection of wave-guide components
• The power supply for the microwave source   
• A detector          
• A meter, which monitors the detector output
• Wall Chart
• Microwave Chart

These Training Benches are completely self-contained & provide the means to allow students to carry out practical work at extremely low cost. A comprehensive manual containing extensive microwave theory and a progressive series of assignments is supplied with the Trainer.

Experiments:

•  Study of E-Plane, H-Plane & Magic Tees
•  Study of Directional Couplers
•  Study of Fixed and Variable Attenuators
•  Study of Isolator and Circulators

RF (l-c) oscillators (hartley’s, colpitt’s, clapp’s)

Experiment training board has been designed specifically for the study of transistor RF oscillators such as (i) hartley’s (ii) colpitt’s and (iii) clapp’s oscillators using l-c.

Object:

To study the following transistor rf oscillators using l-c :

•  Hartley’s oscillator    
•  Colpitt’s oscillator    
•  Clapp’s oscillator         

Features:

The board consists of the following built-in parts :

1. 9v dc at 50ma, ic regulated power supply internally connected 
2. Pnp transistor                                                                   
3. Variable gang condenser                                                   

• Adequate no. Of other electronic components
• Mains on/off switch, fuse and jewel light         
• The unit is operative on 230v ±10% at 50hz a. C. Mains        
• Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre                                          
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms        
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book   

References.

• Weight : 3 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 340 x h 110 x d 210

Other apparatus required:

• Absorption wave meter

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for study of Series and Parallel Resonance in LCR Circuits, measurement of Q and dielectric constant of a liquid.Practical experience on these boards carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:

To study the following :

• Series resonance for different values of resistances, capacitances, inductances and plotting of resonance curves.
• Parallel resonance for different values of resistances,capacitances, inductances and plotting of resonance curves.
• Measurement of Q for both series and parallel resonances.
• Measurement of dielectric constant relative permitivity of a liquid.

Features:

The board consists of the following built-in parts :

01. Three inductances made on ferrite cores, selectable by a switch.
02. Three capacitances with low loss factor, selectable by a switch.
03. Three resistances , selectable by a switch.

• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4/ 2mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on  panel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book

References.

•  Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
•  Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

•  Decade Audio Frequency Generator
•  A.C. Millivoltmeter
•   A.F. Millivoltmeter

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the measurement of inductance of a coil by Anderson Bridge. It includes audio amplifier with speaker for null detection (Instead of head phone) and one KHz sine wave oscillator instead of externally used decade audio frequency generator The board is absolutely self contained and requires no other apparatus.

Practical experience on these boards carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:

To measure the inductance of a given Coil by Anderson Bridge method.

Features:

The board consists of the following built-in parts :

01. Anderson Bridge circuit with arms values

02. Potentiometer for varying one arm

03. Three different value inductances     

04. Potentiometer with calibrated dial

05. Five capacitors selected by a band switch

06. Auio Amplifier with its IC regulated Power Supply

07. One KHz Sine Wave Oscillator with its IC    regulated Power Supply

08. Speaker.

09. Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4/ 2mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object,
• Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Experimental training board  has been designed specifically to study the various types of passive filters and to determine the different constants as well as cut-off frequency of that particular passive filter. Practical experience on these boards carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:

To study different types of passive filters and determine the different constants and cut-off frequency of the following passive filters :

• Low-pass constant-k filter
• High-pass constant-k filter
• Band-pass constant-k filter
• Low-pass m-derived filter
• High-pass m-derived filter

Features:

The board consists of the following built-in parts :

• Different types of passive filters
• Adequate no. Of other electronic components
• Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object,theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book

References.

• Weight : 3 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 340 x h 110 x d 210

Other apparatus required:

• Audio frequency generator
• A. C. Millivoltmeter

Two stage r-c coupled transistor amplifier

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the study of two stage r-c coupled transistor amplifier. Practical experience on these boards carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:

Study of the characteristics of two stage r-c coupled transistor amplifier :

• Study of the overload characteristics of the amplifier.
• Study of the frequency response of the individual as well as the cascade amplifier.
• Calculate the output and input impedance of the individual stages as well as that of cascade amplifier.

Features:

The board consists of the following built in parts :

01. -12v d. C. Ic regulated power supply internally connected.

02. Two pnp transistors.

03. Adequate no. Of other electronic components.

04. Mains on/off switch, fuse and jewel light.

 The unit is operative on 230v ±10% at 50hz a. C. Mains.

•  Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loadedplug length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places onpanel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object,theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book references.

•  Weight : 3 kg. (approx. )
•  Dimension : w 340 x h 110 x d 210

Other apparatus required:

•  Decade audio frequency generator
•  A. C. Millivoltmeter
•  Decade resistance box

Transistor characteristics

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study the transistor input and output characteristics in different modes i. E. Common base, common emitter and common collector. This training board is an improved version with germanium npn & pnp transistors in addition to silicon npn & pnp transistors and four meters. The board is absolutely self contained and requires no other apparatus.
practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:

To study and plot the transistor input and output characteristics in the following configurations :

01. Common emitter mode.

02. Common base mode.

03. Common collector mode.

Features:

The board consists of the following built-in parts :

01. Two 0-10v d. C. At 200ma, continuously variable power supplies for base emitter & collector emitter junctions.

02. Two d. C. Ammeters, 65mm rectangular dial with switch selectable ranges of 200 ma &10ma.

03. Two d. C. Voltmeters, 65mm rectangular dial with switch selectable ranges of 1v and 10v.

04. Two silicon (npn & pnp) transistors and two germanium (npn & pnp) transistors.

05. Adequate no. Of other electronic components

06. Mains on/off switch, fuse and jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230v ±10% at 50hz a. C. Mains.
• Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug, length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book references.
• Weight : 5 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 412 x h 150 x d310

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study the characteristics of a field effect transistor. The board is absolutely self contained and requires no other apparatus. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:
To study the characteristics of field effect transistor :
01. Measurement of i dss.
02. Plot the static drain characteristics of fet
(a) Drain current v/s drain voltage characteristics for different fixed values of vgs.
(b) Drain current v/s gate bias characteristics for different fixed values of vds.
03. Calculate the fet parameters (drain dynamic resistance r , mutual conductance g , and amplification factor m) at a given operating d m point.

Features:
The board consists of the following built-in parts:
01. 0 to 20v d. C. At 50ma, continuously variable power supply.
02. 0 to 12v d. C. At 50ma, continuously variable power supply.
03. Two d. C. Voltmeters, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-20v. 04. D. C. Milliammeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-20ma.
05. Field effect transistor.
06. Adequate no. Of other electronic components.
07. Mains on/off switch, fuse and jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230v ±10% at 50hz A. C. mains.
• Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug, length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and bookn references.
• Weight : 3 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 340 x h 110 x d 210

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study the silicon controlled rectifier phase firing and D.C.control characteristics. It is a training aid for advance studies in control circuits. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:

01. To study the D.C. gate control characteristics (firing characteristics) of a SCR.

02. To study and plot the anode current characteristics of a SCR.

03. To measure the holding current of a SCR.

04. To study the plot the phase firing characteristics of a SCR.
Features:

The Board consists of the following built-in parts:

01. 0 to 50V D.C. at 50mA, continuously variable Power Supply for Anode.

02. 0 to 3V D.C. at 50mA, continuously variable Power Supply for Gate.

03. 0-10V A.C. at 50Hz, variable Power Supply for Anode.

04. D.C. Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial with switch selectable ranges of 1V and 50V.

05. D.C. Milliammeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-50mA.

06. Silicon Controlled Rectifier .

07. Fixed limiting resistances .

08. Adequate no. of other electronic components.

09. Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
•  Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug, length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections / observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book references.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

• Vacuum tube voltmeter
• Cathode ray oscilloscope 20MHz

Experimental Training Board  has been designed specifically for determination of energy band gap in semiconductor (P-N Junction Diode) using temperature dependent of reverse saturation current. The board is absolutely self contained and requires no other apparatus.

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:

• To draw the characteristics of a P-N junction diode for reverse saturation current and temperature.
• To determine the energy band gap in a P-N junction diode.

Features:

The board consists of the following built-in parts :
01. 2V D.C. at 10mA, regulated power supply.
02. Digital microammeter, 3½ digits having range 200mA D.C.
03. Semiconductor diode.
04. Thermometer 0-110 °C.
05. Oven, electrically heated to heat the semiconductor diode.
06. Mains ON/OFF switch and fuse.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book references.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Experimental training board  has been designed specifically for the study & verification of the laws and network theorems in d. C. Circuits. The board is absolutely self contained and requires no other apparatus.

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:

01. Verification of ohm’s law    
02. To draw the v-i characteristics for studying the d. C. Behavior of the following :

•  Ideal resistance                
•  Semiconductor diode  
•  Zener diode
•  Thermistor (ntc type)

03. To verify kirchoff’s current law and voltage law
04. Verification of the series & parallel laws for resistances
05. Verification of superposition theorem
06. Study of potential divider.         
07. Verification of maximum power transfer theorem
08. To verify thevenin’s theorem and to find equivalent voltage source circuit
09. To verify norton’s theorem and to find equivalent current source circuit
10. To study the design of a multimeter

Features:

The board consists of following built-in parts:

01. 0-30v d. C. At 100 ma, continuously variable ic regulated power supply
02. +9v d. C. At 100 ma, ic regulated power supply
03. +5v d. C. At 100 ma , ic regulated power supply
04. D. C. Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial with switch selectable ranges of 0. 5, 1. 5, 25 & 50v
05. D. C. Ammeter, 65mm rectangular dial with switch selectable ranges of 0. 05, 0. 5, 5, 50 & 100ma
06. Adequate no. Of other electronic components

• The unit is operative on 230v ±10% at 50hz a. C. Mains
• Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections / observation of waveforms
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book references
• Weight : 3 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 412 x h 150 x d 310

Experimental Training Board  has been designed specifically to study the characteristics of TRIAC-a Bidirectional Triode Thyristor.Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:
1. To study the gate characteristics of a TRIAC in the following modes :
(a) Mode I+ : i.e. T2 positive with respect to T1 and gate positive with respect to T 1
(b) Mode I- : i.e. T2 positive with respect to T1 and gate negative with respect to T 1
(c) Mode III+ : i.e.T2 negative with respect to T1 and gate positive with respect to T 1
(d) Mode III- : i.e. T2 negative with respect to T1 and gate negative with respect to T 1
2. To study the terminal characteristics of a TRIAC in the following modes :
(a) Mode I+ : i.e. T2 positive with respect to T1 and gate positive with respect to T 1
(b) Mode III+ : i.e. T2 negative with respect to T1 and gate positive with respect to T 1
3. To study the following applications of TRIAC :
(a) Triac as a static switch (D.C. control).
(b) Control of A.C. with A.C. signal.
(c) To measure the holding current of IH. Triac.

FEATURES
The board consists of following built-in parts:
01. 0-70V D.C. at 100mA, regulated Power Supply.
02. 0-3V D.C. at 30 mA, regulated Power Supply.
03. 55 Volt at 100mA, fixed A.C. Supply.
04. 7 Volt at 30mA, fixed A.C. Supply.
05. D.C Ammeter, 65mm rectangular dial with switch selectable ranges of 10mA and 100mA.
06. D.C Ammeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read of 0-30mA.
07. D.C. Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial with switch selectable ranges of 5V and 100V.
08. TRIAC.
09. Three Potentiometers.
10. Reset switch.
11. Adequate no. of other electronic components.
12. Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections / observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210
• Other Apparatus Required
• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz

Experimental Training Board   has been designed specifically to study the characteristics and applications of a DIAC. DIAC is extensively used now a days in power control circuits. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:
01. To plot V-I Characteristics of a DIAC and study the following :
1.1 Breakover voltage, VBO.
1.2 Negative resistance region.
1.3 VBO symmetry and delta V
02. To study the applications of a DIAC as :
2.1 Saw tooth waveform generator.
2.2 Pulse train generator.

Features:
The board consists of following built-in parts:
01. 0-50V D.C. at 50mA, regulated Power Supply.
02. 45V A.C. at 50mA, unregulated Power Supply.
03. D.C. Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-50V D.C.
04. D.C. Ammeter, 65mm rectangular dial with switch selectable ranges of 200mA and 50mA.
05. DIAC.
06. Potentiometer and adequate no. of other electronic components.
07. Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections / observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz

Experimental training board  has been designed specifically to study de-sauty bridge and to compare the capacitance of two capacitors. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:
To study the working of a de-sauty bridge and to compare the capacitance of two capacitors.

Features:
The board consists of following built-in parts:
01. Two decade resistances, each with single dial in steps of 100w total 1kw, to from the two arms of the bridge.
02. Two decade capacitors, each with single dial in steps of 0. 1mf total 1mf, to form the other two arms of the bridge.
03. A high impedance head phone, for detecting the null position.

• Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book references.
• Weight : 3 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 340 x h 110 x d 210
• Other apparatus required:
• Bridge oscillator

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for plotting Characteristics of Ge & Si Semiconductor Diodes. The board is absolutely self contained and requires no other apparatus. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:

• To Study and Plot the Forward and Reverse Bias characteristics of (Ge & Si)  Semiconductor Diodes.
• To Determine the Static and Dynamic resistances of Forward Biased p-n junction of the given Diodes.

Features:
The board consists of following built-in parts:

1. 0-10V D.C. at 50mA, continuously variable with Coarse & Fine Pots, regulated Power Supply.
2. D.C. Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial, with switch selectable ranges of 1V and 10V.
3.  D.C. Microammeter, 65mm rectangular dial, with switch selectable ranges of 50 mA and 10mA.
4. 04. Ge and Si Semiconductor Diodes.
5. 05. Adequate no. Of other electronic components.
6. 06. Mains ON/OFF switch and Fuse.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study different properties of Unijunction Transistor. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:
01. To plot V-I characteristics of a given U.J.T. (Unijunction Transistor).
02. To use the given U.J.T. as a Relaxation Oscillator.

Features:           
The board consists of the following built-in parts 
01. Two 0-30V DC at 50mA, continuously variable regulated Power Supplies
02. D.C. Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-30V.
03. D.C. Ammeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-5mA.
04. Unijunction Transistor.
05. Adequate no. of other electronic components
06. Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study characteristics of various types of active filters. This Training Board includes low pass, high pass, band pass and notch filters. The filter circuits are designed using second order Butter worth polynomials and provide unity gain in the pass band. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering Students.

Object:
To study characteristics of various active filters.
Specifications:
1. LOW PASS FILTER
(a) Upper Cut-off frequency : 1 KHz
(b) Cut-off slope : 29.5 dB/decade
(c) Input impedance : 3.5 K at 1KHz
(d) Output impedance : 18 Ohms at 1KHz

2. HIGH PASS FILTER
(a) Lower cut-off frequency : 100 Hz
(b) Cut-off slope : 26 dB/decade
(c) Input impedance : 12 K at 100 Hz
(d) Output impedance : 30 Ohms at 100 Hz

3. BAND PASS FILTER
(a) Upper cut-off frequency : 1 Khz
(B) Lower cut-off frequency : 100 Hz
(c) Upper cut-off slope : 29.5 dB/decade
(d) Lower cut-off frequency : 26 dB/decade
(e) Input impedances : 24 K at 100 Hz , 3.5 K at 1 KHz
(F) Output impedances : 30 Ohms at 100 Hz, 27 Ohms at 1 Khz

4. NOTCH FILTER
(A) Notch frequency : 1 KHz
(B) Input impedance : 15 K at 1 KHz
(c) Output impedance : 25 ohms at 1 KHz
(d) Notch width : 100 Hz

Features
The board consists of the following built-in parts :
01. ±12V DC at 50mA, IC regulated Power Supply internally connected.
02. Four Operational Amplifier ICs.
03. Adequate no. of other electronic components.
04. Mains ON/OFF switch and Jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book
• References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

• Decade Audio Frequency Generator
• A.C. Millivoltmeter

Experimental training board has been specifically designed to study the characteristics of mosfet (Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) and its use as an amplifier. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:
01. To determine experimentally the drain characteristics of a given mosfet.
02. To study the use of mosfet as an amplifier and to measure its voltage gain in common source configuration.

Features:
The board consists of following built-in parts:
01. 0-15v d. C. At 50ma, continuously variable regulated power supply.
02. 0-4v d. C. At 10ma, continuously variable regulated power supply.
03. 0-1v d. C. At 10ma, continuously variable regulated power supply.
04. D. C. Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial with switch selectable ranges of 1v and 15v.
05. D. C. Milliammeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-30ma.
06. Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (mosfet).
07. Adequate no. Of other electronic components.
08. Mains on/off switch, fuse and jewel light.
* The unit is operative on 230v ±10% at 50hz a. C. Mains.
* Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
* Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
* Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book
references.
* Weight : 3 kg. (approx. )
* Dimension : w 340 x h 110 x d 210

Other apparatus required:
* Audio frequency generator
* A. C. Millivoltmeter
* Cathode ray oscilloscope 20mhz

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the study of the junction diode rectifier and filter characteristics. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:
Study of junction diode rectifier & filter characteristics.
01. Study of junction diode rectifier output and ripple content for different resistive loads for :
(a) Half wave.
(b) Full wave (centre tap).
(c) Full wave (bridge).
(d) Voltage doubler circuit.
02. Study of filter and load regulation characteristics for half wave and full wave rectifier having different resistive loads and filters of the type
(a) Capacitor filter.
(b) Capacitor filter with capacitor value doubled.
(c) Inductor filter.
(d) Capacitor input l section filter.
(e) Capacitor input p section filter.

Features:
The board consists of the following built-in parts :
01. Mains transformer, secondary centre tap 100-0-100v at 100 ma.
02. Dc milliammeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-100 ma.
03. Dc voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-300 v.
04. Four silicon junction diodes.
05. Filter choke.
06. Adequate no. Of other electronic components.
07. Mains on/off switch, fuse and jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230v ±10% at 50hz a. C. Mains.
• Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book references.
• Weight : 3 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 340 x h 110 x d 210

Other apparatus required:

•  A. C. Millivoltmeter

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the study of the junction diode rectifier and filter characteristics. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:
Study of junction diode rectifier & filter characteristics.
01. Study of junction diode rectifier output and ripple content for different resistive loads for :
(a) Half wave.
(b) Full wave (Centre Tap).
(c) Full wave (Bridge).
(d) Voltage doubler circuit.
02. Study of filter and load regulation characteristics for half wave and full wave rectifier having different resistive loads and filters of the type
(a) Capacitor filter.
(b) Capacitor Filter with capacitor value doubled.
(c) Inductor filter.
(d) Capacitor input L section filter.
(e) Capacitor input p section filter.

Features:
The board consists of the following built-in parts :
01. Mains transformer, secondary centre tap 100-0-100V at 100 mA.
02. DC Milliammeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-100 mA.
03. DC Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-300 V.
04. Four Silicon Junction Diodes.
05. Filter choke.
06. Adequate no. of other electronic components.
07. Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

•  A.C. Millivoltmeter

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study the characteristics of a large family of semiconductor devices. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:
to study the characteristics of the following electronic devices :
01. Germanium and silicon diodes.
02. Zener diodes.
03. Transistor ( bipolar ) pnp and npn.
04. Field effect transistor (fet).
05. Uni-junction transistor (ujt).
06. Light emitting diode (led).
07. Photo diode.
08. Photo transistor .
09. Thermistors n. T. C. And p. T. C.
10. Voltage dependant resistor (v. D. R. ).
11. Light dependant resistor (l. D. R. ).
12. Opto-coupler.
13. Diac.
14. Silicon controlled rectifier (scr).
15. Triac.
16. Varactor diode ( varicap diode).

Features:
the board consists of the following built-in-parts:
01. Two, 0-1. 5v dc, 0-10v dc and 0-25v dc at 500ma, ic regulated power supplies (switch selectable).
02. 0-50v d. C. At 100ma,continuously variable regulated power supply.
03. Two, d. C. Ammeters, 65mm rectangular dial with switch selectable ranges of 50ma, 500ma, 5ma, 50ma and 500ma.
04. D. C. Voltmeter,65mm rectangular dial with switch selectable ranges of 1v,10v and 50v.
05. Electronic devices (all as mentioned under heading “object”).
06. Adequate no. Of other electronic components.
07. Mains on/off switch, fuse and jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230v±10% at 50hz a. C. Mains.
• Sdequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 2mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book references.
• Weight : 7 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 412 x h 150 x d 310

Other apparatus required:

•  Digital capacitance meter

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the study of multivibrator circuits. Apart from basic circuits some special techniques have also been included. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:
To study multivibrator circuits.
Experiments:
01. Design of multivibrators.
02. To study the waveforms of a free running multivibrator.
03. To design and make a bistable multivibrator and to study its D.C. conditions.
04. To design and make a monostable multivibrator and to adjust its delay time.
05. To design and make schmitt-trigger and study its hysteresis.
06. To control the frequency of a free running multivibrator with applied voltage.
07. To design and make a gated free running multivibrator.
08. To design and make an improved free running multivibrator.

Features:
The board consists of the following built-in parts :
1. ±9V D.C. at 100mA, IC regulated Power Supply.
2. 0-9V D.C. at 5mA, IC regulated Power Supply.
3. D.C. Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-10V.
4. Pulser for triggering the circuit.
5. Three NPN transistors.
6. Adequate no. of other Electronic Components.
7. Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections & observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 412 x H 150 x D310

Other Apparatus Required:

• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

List of experiments
Following experiments can be performed :
01. Basic operational amplifier circuit
01. Inverting amplifier
02. Non-inverting amplifier
03. Inverting A.C. amplifier
04. Non-inverting A.C. amplifier
05. High input impedance inverting amplifier
06. High input impedance non-inverting amplifier

02. SOURCE FOLLOWERS
01. Voltage Follower (Unit gain buffer amplifier)
02. A.C. Voltage follower

03. OP- AMPS AS ANALOGUE COMPUTER ELEMENTS
01. Inverting summing amplifier
02. Non-inverting summing amplifier
03. Subtractor
04. Differential amplifier
05. A.C. differential amplifier
06. Adder subtractor
07. Multiplication by a constant
08. Division by a constant
09. Integrating amplifier for DC input signals
10. Integrating amplifier for AC input signals
11. Differentiator amplifier
12. Non-inverting differentiator

04. FUNCTION GENERATOR
01. Sine Wave generator using wien bridge network
02. Square Wave generator
03. Pulse generator
04. Square and Triangular wave generator
05. Saw tooth generator
06. Synchronised sawtooth generator with negative going pulse trigger
07. Synchronised sawtooth generator with positive going pulse trigger

05. MULTIVIBRATORS
01. Astable multivibrator
02. Monostable multivibrator
03. Bistable multivibrator

06. FILTERS
01. Low pass active filter
02. High pass active filter
03. Band pass active filter
04. Notch filter

07. VOLTAGE AND CURRENT REGULATOR
01. Basic reference voltage source
02. Basic reference voltage source with buffered output
03. Basic reference voltage source with negative output
04. Negative voltage reference source with buffered output
05. Positive regulator with variable buffered output
06. Negative regulator with variable buffered output
07. Buffered reference source
08. Basic non-inverting voltage controlled current source

08. SIGN CHANGER
01. Sign changer with variable output
02. Switch select sign changer

09. PHASE SHIFT CIRCUIT
01. Constant amplitude lag circuit
02. Constant amplitude lead circuit

10. SIGNAL PROCESSING CIRCUITS
01. Diodes
01. Precision Diode with +O/P
02. Precision Diode with -O/P
02. Rectifier
01. Half wave rectifier
02. Full wave rectifier
03. Filtered full wave rectifier
03. Detectors
01. Peak detector
02. Buffered peak detector
03. Inverting peak detector
04. Zero crossing detector
05. Buffered zero crossing
04. Clippers
01. Positive peak clipper
02. Negative peak clipper
03. Self buffered series clipper
04. Shunt clipper
05. DC restorer
05. Dead Band Response
01. Feed back circuit with dead band response
02. Variable dead band circuit

11. LIMITERS
01. General purpose unipolar limiter
02. Bipolar zener limiter
03. Input current limiter
04. Diode bridge limiter using one zener
05. Adjustable bipolar limiter

12. COMPARATORS
01. Fast precision voltage comparator
02. Single ended comparator with hysteresis & clamped feed back
03. Comparator for signals of opposite polarity
04. Comparator for A.C. coupled signals

13. INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER
01. Basic differential input instrumentation amplifier
02. Instrumentation amplifier with high input impedance

14. OUTPUT DISPLAYS FOR COMPARATOR
01. LED driver
02. Lamp driver

15. METERING CIRCUITS
01. D.C. voltmeter
02. D.C. ammeter
03. Resistance to voltage converter

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study the characteristics of opto electronic devices. Different experiments have been included in this opto electronic devices characteristics board in order that a wide range of topics on opto electronics devices characteristics be covered in a short span of time. All the circuits for obtaining the characteristics of various devices can be easily assembled on this versatile training board itself. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:
To study the characteristics of the following opto electronic devices :
01. Light emitting diode (led).
02. Photo diode.
03. Photo transistor.
04. Light dependent resistor (l. D. R. ).
05. Photo voltaic cell.
06. Optocoupler.

Features:
The board consists of the following built-in parts:
01. Two 0-10v d. C. At 100ma, continuously variable regulated power supplies.
02. D. C. Milliammeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-10ma.
03. .  d. C microammeter, 65mm rectangular dial, with switch selectable ranges of 50ma, 500ma, 5ma and 50ma.
04. D. C. Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial, with switch selectable ranges of 1v and 10v.
05. Opto electronic devices:
5. 1 Light emitting diode (led)
5. 2 Photo diode
5. 3 Photo transistor
5. 4 Light dependent resistance (ldr)
5. 5 Photo voltaic cell
5. 6 Opto coupler
06. Adequate no. Of other electronic components.

• The unit is operative on 230v ±10% at 50hz a. C. Mains.
• Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections.
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book references.
• Weight : 3 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 340 x h 110 x d 210

Other apparatus required:

• Variac 0-230v, 50hz at 2 amp
• 40 watts, table lamp

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the verification of ohm’s law & to study the series and parallel combination of Resistance network. This training board is quite useful for imparting the basic knowledge of voltage and current distribution and the effect of series parallel circuit. The board is absolutely self contained and requires no other apparatus. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:
01. Verification of ohm’s Law.
02. To study series circuits.
03. To study parallel circuits.

Features:
The board consists of the following built-in parts:
01. 0-15 VD.C. at 100 mA, continuously variable regulated Power Supply.
02. D.C. Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-15V D.C.
03. D.C. Milliammeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-50mA D.C.
04. Adequate no. of other electronic components.
05. Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Measurement Of Inductance & Capacitance By Maxwells L C Bridge

Experimental Training Board has been designed specifically for the study of Maxwell’s L/C Bridge. Using this bridge the value of unknown capacitor or an unknown inductor can be found. The board is absolutely self contained and requires no other apparatus. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:
To study Maxwell’s L/C Bridge.
01. To measure value of unknown capacitance.
02. To measure value of unknown Inductance.

Features:
The board consists of the following built-in parts:
01. ±12V D.C. at 100mA, IC regulated Power Supply internally connected.
02. 1 KHz Sine Wave Oscillator.
03. Audio Amplifier and speaker for null detection.
04. Five unknown values of capacitors selectable by a band switch.
05. Three unknown values of inductors selectable by a band switch.
06. Two decade resistances in 100 ohm steps.
07. Potentiometer and adequate no. of other electronic components.
08. Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/observation of wave forms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Experimental Training Board has been designed specifically for the study of Wien Bridge and by which one can evaluate the unknown value of capacitance.Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:
To study Wien Bridge.
01. To measure the capacitance by Wien Series Bridge.
02. To measure the capacitance by Wien Parallel Bridge.

Features:
The board consists of the following built-in parts:
01. ±12V D.C. at 100mA, IC regulated Power Supply internally connected.
02. 1 KHz Sine Wave Oscillator.
03. Audio Amplifier and speaker for null detection.
04. Three decade resistances, single dial in steps of 100 Ohm, Total 1K each, to form arms of a bridge.
05. Decade resistance, Two dials of 10 Ohm & 100 Ohm, total 1100 Ohms to form arms of bridge.
06. Decade Standard Capacitance, selectable by a band switch to form the one arm of the bridge.
07. Unknown capacitor and adequate no. of other electronic components.
08. Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stack able from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ meter.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Training Board has been designed specifically for study of Conversion of a Galvanometer into a Voltmeter. The board is absolutely self contained and requires no other apparatus.Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:
01. To determine the resistance of a Galvanometer by half deflection method.
02. To determine the figure of merit of the Galvanometer.
03. To convert the Galvanometer into a Voltmeter of a given range and to calibrate it.

Features:
The board consists of the following built-in parts :
01. Galvanometer, 65mm rectangular dial having 30-0-30 scale.
02. 5V D.C. at 50mA, IC regulated Power Supply.
03. D.C. Voltmeter, 65mm rectangular dial to read 0-5V.
04. Necessary Shunt & Series Resistances.
05. Potentiometer and adequate no. of other electronic components.
06. Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light.

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections / observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to measure the value of unknown capacitance by schering bridge. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:schering brid
To measure the value of unknown capacitance by schering bridge

Feature:
The board consists of the following built-in parts :
01. Schering bridge circuit with arms values.
02. ±12 vdc at 100 ma, ic regulated power supply internally connected.
03. 1khz sinewave oscillator having output 0-15 vpp
04. Audio amplifier and speaker for null detector
05. Three unknown value of capacitors selectable by a band switch
06. Potentiometer for balancing the bridge
07. Band switch to select one from six different values of resistance
08. Adequate no. Of other electronic components
09. Mains on/off switch, fuse & jewel light

• The unit is operative on 230v ±10% at 50hz ac mains
• Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable 4mm spring loaded plug length 1/2 metre
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for Connections/ observation of waveform
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object theory, design Procedures, report suggestions and book references
• Weight : 3 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 340 x h 110 x d 210210

The Digital Lab is intended for elementary as well as advance training of digital electronics. The digital lab covers regular digital circuits by solder-less interconnections on breadboard and as well as compatible with all optional modules through use of 2mm brass terminals and patch cords. Various clock generators, logic level input/output indicators and DC regulated power supplies etc. are in-built. The unit housed in attractive enclosure is supplied with mains cord, patch cords, Instruction manual and Component Set.

Experimental Coverage:

• Logic gates operation
• To verify De-morgan’s theorem with boolean logic equations
• Binary to Gray code conversion
• Gray code to Binary conversion
• Binary to Excess-3 code conversion
• Binary Adder and Subtractor
• Binary Multiplier
• EX-OR gate implementation
• Application of EX-OR gate
• Johnson Counter
• To verify the dual nature of Logic Gates
• Study of Flip-Flops RS, JK, D&T
• Multiplexer and Demultiplexer
• 4 Bit Binary up and down counter
• Study of 8 to 3 Line Encoder
• Study of 3 to 8 Line Decoder
• Study of Shift Register (SIPO)
• CMOS-TTL Interfacing
• Study of Crystal oscillator
• Study of pulse stretcher circuit

Features:

• Bread Board : Unique solder-less large size, spring loaded breadboard consisting of two Terminal Strips with 1280 tie points and 4 Distribution Strips with 100 tie points each, totaling to 1680 tie points. (Size : 112mm x 170mm approx)
• Regulated DC Power Supply : +5V at 1 Amp, -5V at 500 mA, 3 to +15V at 500mA, and -3 to -15V at 500 mA.
• Pulse Generator : 1 Hz to 1 MHz in 6 Steps. Variable in between steps
• - Amplitude : 3-15V (CMOS), 5V (TTL)
• - Duty Cycle : 50% TTL / CMOS Output
• Pulsar Switches : 2 independent buffered bounce free manual pulser (useful for freezing the action of each stage of the counter after every clock pulse)
• Data Switches : 12 Nos. independent buffered logic level inputs to select High / Low TTL levels, each with a bi-color LED to indicate high / low status and termination.
• Logic Indicators : 12 Nos. independent buffered logic level indicators for High / Low status indication with bi-color LED for digital outputs
• Seven Segment Display : 2 Nos. BCD to Seven Segment Decoder / Driver IC with terminals
• Logic Probe : Logic level indicator for TTL / CMOS
• CMOS/TTL : Provided
• Power : 230 V ± 10%, 50 Hz
• Components Provided : ICs-4001/1, 4049/1,4069/1, 7400/1, 7402/1, 7404/1, 7406/1, 7408/2, 7410/2, 7411/3, 7420/2,7432/3, 7474/2,7476/2,7486/1.Resistors-330E/1,1K/2, 1K8/1,,15K/1, 47K/1.1M/2, Capacitors- 0.01mF/1, 0.1mF/1, 0.22 mF/1,Crystal-32.768MHz/1.
• Accessories : Mains cord, Operating and Experimental manual, Red & Black patch cords (2mm with Pin) 10 each, Red & Black patch cord (Pin to Pin) 10 each. Wire 24/25 SWG. 1Meter each 5 Color Instruction manual : Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions.
• Weight : 5 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 412 x H 150 x D 310

Analog Lab is intended for elementary as well as advance training of analog electronics.The trainer covers regular analog circuits by solder less interconnections on breadboard and as well as compatible with all optional modules, through use of 2mm brass terminals and patch cords. Various DC regulated power supplies, Function Generator, DMM, Continuity Tester etc are in-built. The unit housed in attractive enclosure is supplied with mains cord, patch cords, Instruction manual and Component Set.

Experimental Coverage:

• Study of Diodes in DC circuits.
• Study of Light Emitting Diodes in DC Circuits.
• Study of Half wave rectifier.
• Study of Full wave rectifier.
• Study of Zener Diode as a voltage regulator.
• Study of transistor series voltage regulator.
• Study of transistor shunt voltage regulator.
• Study of Low pass filter.
• Study of High pass filter.
• Study of band pass filter.
• Study of CE configuration of NPN transistor.
• Study of CB configuration of NPN transistor
• Study of CE amplifier.
• Study of Monostable multivibrator using transistor.
• Study of Bistable multivibrator using transistor.
• Study of Adjustable multivibrator using transistor.
• Study of CB Amplifier (PNP).
• Study of CC Amplifier (PNP)
• Transistor Audio Amplifier.
• Two Stage R.C. Coupled Transistor.
• Inverting Amplifier.
• Non-inverting Amplifier.
• Integrating Amplifier for A.C input Signal.
• Differentiators Amplifier.
• Square Wave Generator.

The digital-analog lab is intended for elementary as well as advance training of digital & analog electronics. The trainer covers regular digital & analog circuits by solder-less interconnections on breadboard and as well as compatible with all optional modules, through use of 2mm brass terminals and patch cords. Various clock generators, logic level input/output indicators and dc regulated power supplies etc. Are in-built.  the unit housed in attractive enclosure is supplied with mains cord, patch cords, instruction manual and component set.

Experimental coverage:analog

•  Study of diodes in dc circuits
•  Study of light emitting diodes in dc circuits
•  Study of half wave rectifier
•  Study of full wave rectifier
•  Study of zener diode as a voltage regulator
•  Study of transistor series voltage regulator
•  Study of transistor shunt voltage regulator
•  Study of low pass filter
•  Study of high pass filter
•  Study of band pass filter
•  Study of ce configuration of npn transistor
•  Study of cb configuration of npn transistor
•  study of ce amplifier
•  study of monostable multivibrator using transistor
•  study of bistable multivibrator using transistor
•  study of astable multivibrator using transistor

Digital

•  Logic gates operation
•  To verify de-morgan’s theorem with boolean logic equations
•  Binary to gray code conversion
•  Gray code to binary conversion
•  Binary to excess-3 code conversion
•  Binary addition and subtractor
•  Binary multiplier
•  Ex-or gate implementation
•  Application of ex-or gate
•  Johnson counter
•  To verify the dual nature of logic gates
•  Study of flip-flops rs, jk, d&t
•  Multiplexer and demultiplexe
•  4 bit binary up and down counter
•  Study of 8 to 3 line encoder
•  Study of 3 to 8 line decoder
•  Study of shift register (sipo)
•  Cmos-ttl interfacing
•  Study of crystal oscillator
•  study of pulse stretcher circuit

Digital Trainer is intended for elementary as well as advance training of Digital electronics and for bread board digital circuits, AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, Three State Buffer, RS Latch, JK Flip Flop, Monostable Multibrator. and UP/ DOWN Counter.Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for R & D labs, Science and Engineering Students.

Specifications:
01. Breadboard : Solder less Bread board with 1680 inter connected
Tie Points
02. Pulse Switches : 2 No’s. Bounce free push buttons
03. Logic Switches : 8 logic level Switches in Dip type .
04. Power Supply : Fixed: +5V at 750 mA
05. Power Sockets : Logic Probe Power Supply Sockets
06. Logic Input : 8 LED buffered logic level indicators
07. Variable Clock : Fine adjustment of clock frequency.
Clock range selection L: 10 – 40 Hz, H : 1K – 20K Hz.
08. Jacks : 2mm to BNC Socket 2 No. 2mm to 4mm Socket 2 No.
09. Components Provided : ICs - 4001/1, 7400/3, 7402/1, 7404/1, 7408/1,
      7432/1, 7476/2, 7486/1, 74126/1, Resistors 1/4W
      ±5% 230E/1, 10K/1, 39K/1, LED 5mm/1
10. Accessories : Mains cord, 2mm Red & Black patch cords 5 each and 2mm to  1mm Red & Black 5 each
11. Instruction manual : Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions.
12. Logic Probe Omega Type LP-002 With 2mm Banana Pin Qt.1 Provided

• Wiring of all types of experiments become simple and less time consuming.
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz AC Mains.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Logic trainer is designed for the logic beginners to enhance the comprehension of basic logical theory. The digital lab covers regular digital circuits by solder-less interconnections on breadboard and as well as compitable with all optional modules through use of 2mm brass terminals and patch cords The design of the equipment is easy to operate and understand. It is equipped with various kinds of basic logic gates, debounced logical switches, LED indicators, DC power supply with short circuit protection, pulse generator and solderless bread board. The unit housed in attractive enclosure is supplied with mains cord, patch cords, Instruction manual.

Learners in high schools, polytechnic xolleges and universities, can use the trainer as independent activity tool.

Experimental Coverage:

• 01. Logic gates operation
• 02. To prove De-morgan’s theorem with boolean logic equations
• 03. Binary to Gray code conversion
• 04. Gray code to Binary conversion
• 05. Binary to Excess-3 code conversion
• 06. Binary Adder and Subtractor
• 07. Binary Multiplier
• 08. EX-OR gate implementation
• 09. Application of EX-OR gate
• 10. To verify the dual nature of Logic Gates
• 11. Study of Flip-Flops RS, JK,

Specifications:

• Basic Logic Gate Units :  It contains 6 kinds of logic gates, i.e. AND GATE X 6, OR GATE X 6, NAND GATE X 6, NOR GATE X 6, XOR GATE X 3, NOT GATE X 3.  Input voltage of Hl level > 2.25V Input voltage of LO level < 0.8V 

DC Power Supply : Equipped with short circuit protection and indicator. 

a. Output voltage +5V ± 5% Max. output current 1 Amp. Line regulation<50mV Load regulation<100mV 

b. Output voltage – 5V ± 5% Max. output current 500 mA Line regulation<25mV Load regulation<30mV 

c. Output voltage ± 15V ± 5% Max. output current 500 mA Line regulation<150mV Load regulation<150mV

• Pulse Generator : 3 kinds of time interval, 1 sec, 0.1 sec, 0.01 sec.
• Output voltage +5V
• Debounced Logic Switch : 4 No’s HI / LO
• LED Indicator : 8 Bits LED Output Indicator, Max. Input Voltage<= 15V DC
• Breadboard : Interconnected Solder less Breadboard having 2120 tie points, fitting all DIP sizes and all components with lead and solid wire AWG # 22-30 (0.3 – 0.8 mm)
• Accessories : Mains Cord, Instruction Manual,Red & Black patch cords (2mm with Pin) 10 each, Red & Black patch cord (Pin to Pin) 10 each. Wire 24/25 SWG. 1Meter each 5 Colour
• Weight : 5 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W412 x H 150 x D 310

Digitallab station is designed for the logic beginners to enhance the comprehension of basic logical theory. The digital lab covers regular digital circuits by solder-less interconnections on breadboard and as well as compitable with all optional modules through use of 2mm brass terminals and patch cords The design of the equipment is easy to operate and understand. It is equipped with various kinds of basic logic gates, debounced logical switches, LED indicators, DC power supply with short circuit protection, pulse generator and solderless breadboard. The unit housed in attractive enclosure is supplied with mains cord, patch cords, Instruction manual.

Learners in high schools, polytechnic colleges and universities, can use the trainer as independent activity tool.

Experimental coverage:

• 1. Logic gates operation
• 2. To prove De-morgan’s theorem With boolean logic equations
• 3. Binary to Gray code conversion
• 4. Gray code to Binary conversion
• 5. Binary to Excess-3 code conversion
• 6. Binary Adder and Subtractor
• 7. Binary Multiplier
• 8. EX-OR gate implementation
• 9. Application of EX-OR gate
• 10. Johnson Counter
• 11. To verify the dual nature of Logic Gates
• 12. Study of Flip-Flops RS, JK, D&T
• 13. Multiplexer and Demultiplexer
• 14. 4 Bit Binary up and down counter
• 15. Study of 8 to 3 Line Encoder
• 16. Study of 3 to 8 Line Decoder
• 17. Study of Shift Register (SIPO)
• 18. CMOS-TTL Interfacing
• 19. Study of Crystal oscillator
• 20. Study of pulse stretcher circuit
• 21. 4 Bit Ring Counter
• 22. Modulo 12 Counter By Direct Clearing
• 23. Decade counter
• 24. Shift Register SISO and PIPO

Power Project Board System has been designed to provide instant circuit construction without soldering on the bread board area .Learners can insert components directly on breadboard and make all interconnections as required with 24 Swg (Gauge) solid wire. Within few minutes they can complete their projects/design on the same.Your precious IC’s are not damaged & are instantly reusable, No expensive special jumpers are required. You can insert all components directly without any adapters i.e. IC’s such as types 8, 14, 16, 20 or 40 pin DIP units, LSI’s and all discrete components with lead diameter upto 0.56mm (24 Swg).

Features:

• Breadboard : Unique solder-less large size, spring loaded breadboard consisting of 3 Terminal Strips with 1920 tie points and 5 Distribution Strips with 500 tie points , totaling to 2420 tie points.
• Power Supply
• Fixed DC Power Supply : 5 V at 1 Amp.
• Variable DC Power Supply : ± 0 to 15 V at 500 mA

• Mains On/Off Illuminated Switch

• Accessories : Mains Lead, Operating Manual, Adequate no. of patch cords (Total 26)
•  Weight : 4 Kg. (Approx.)
•  Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections & observation of waveforms.

The Bread Board Circuit Lab is intended for elementary as well as advance training of analog electronics. The trainer cover regular analog circuits by solder less inter connections through use of 2 mm brass terminations & patch cords. Various AC & DC regulated power supply in built. The unit is housed in sun mica finished wooden enclosure with provision for safe keeping of mains cord, patch cords and top lid for protection during storage.

The Trainer Cover The Following Experiment :

• 01. Study of basic gates and verification of their truth tables:
• 02. Study and verifications of the law of Boolean algebra and De-Morgan’s Theorems.
• 03. Study of important TTL terminologies. Verification of important TTL Circuit parameters.
• 04. Construction and verification of various types of flip - flops using gates and IC’s :
• 05. Construction and verification of various types of combinational circuits :
• 06. Construction and verification of various types of counters :
• 07. Construction and Verification of 4 Bit Universal Shift Register :
• 08. Many other experiments are possible using the onboard components and Bread board .

Feature:

1. Bread boards : 
   Unique solder-less large size, spring loaded breadboard consisting of two Terminal Strips with 1280 tie points and 4 Distribution Strips with 100 tie points each, totaling to 1680 tie points. (Size:112mm x 170mm approx)
2. IC based DC Reg. :
   (a). +12 V / 500 mA ( fixed and with facility to vary from 0 to +12 V ).
3. Power Supplies :
   :(b). -12 V / 500 mA ( fixed and with facility to vary from 0 to -12 V ).
   :(c). + 5V ± 0.25V / 500mA ( fixed ).
4. Digital meters : 
   :(a) Dual range DC voltmeter ( 20 V / 200V ). ( 3.5 Digit) 
   :(b) Dual range DC current meter ( 200 mA / 2A ).
5. Continuity Tester :
    Audio / Visual indication.
6.  Clock Generators :
    (a). 0.1Hz, b. 1Hz, c. 100Hz, d. 1KHz. Simultaneous independent fixed TTL ( 5V ) outputs.
7. Manual Pulser : 
   One independent buffered bounce less manual pulser ( useful for freezing the action of each stage of the counter after every clock pulse )
8. Logic Level Inputs : 
   Eight independent buffered logic level inputs to select High / Low TTL levels, each with a LED to indicate high / low status and termination.
9. Logic Level :
   Eight independent buffered logic level indicators for High / Low status indication Indicators of digital outputs.
10. AC Supplies : 
    9 - 0 - 9 VAC / 500 mA.
11. Speaker : 8 ohms miniature speaker with terminations.
12. Potentiometers : 3 Potentiometers ( 1K, 10K and 100K ) with terminations.
13. Power ON : Power ON switch with indicator for mains on indication and fuse for protection.
14. Patch Cords :
    a. Set of 25 assorted colored single stand hook - up wires. 
    b. Set of 15 assorted colored multi - stand wires with 2mm stackable plug termination at one end & hook-up wire termination at the other end.
15. Components provided : IC-7400/1, 7402/1, 7408/1, 7432/1, 7404/1, 7490/1, 7495/1, 7486/1, 7476/2, 7410/2.
16. Power Requirement : 230V + 10% single phase AC.
    Weight : 5 Kg. (Approx.)
    Dimension : W 412 x H 150 x D 310

The digital electronic trainer is intended for elementary as well as advance training of digital electronics. The trainer cover regular digital circuits by solder less inter connections through use of 2 mm brass terminations and patch cords. Various clock generators, logic level input / output indicators and DC regulated power supply are in built. The unit housed in sunmica finished wooden box enclosure with provision for safe keeping of mains cord, patch cords and top lid for protection during storage.

The trainer cover the following experiment :

1,Study of basic gates and verification of their truth tables:
1.1 NOT              1.2 OR            1.3 AND        1.4 NOR  
1.5 NAND            1.6 EX-OR                           1.7 EX -NOR

2.Study and verifications of the law of Boolean algebra and De-Morgan’s Theorems.

3.Study of important TTL terminologies. Verification of important TTL Circuit  parameters.     

4.Construction and verification of various types of flip - flops using gates and Ic’s : 
4.1 RS Flip-flop              4.2 J-K Flip-flop      
4.3 D Flip-flop                4.4 T Flip-flop       

5.Construction and verification of various types of combinational circuits :
5.1 Half Adder   5.2 Full Adder  5.3 Half Subtractor  5.4 Full subtractor  5.5  Even / Odd Parity Checker       
5.6 Multiplexer  5.7 Demultiplexer  5.8 Binary to Gray Converter    5.9 Gray to Binary Converter    5.10 2 Bit Comparator   

6.Construction and verification of various types of counters :  
6.1 Down Counter  6.2.1  3 Bit Synchronous Ripple UP Counter 6.2.2  3 Bit Asynchronous Ripple UP Counter  6.3 Ring Counte   r 6.4.1 Decade Counter  6.4.2 Decade Counter using IC 7490

7.Construction and verification of 4 Bit Universal Shift Register :  
7.1 Parallel Input Parallel Output( Parallel load operation)  7.2 Shift Right Operation  (Serial Input serial Output)  
7.3 Shift Left Shift Register   

8.Study of 7 - Segment Display And Decoder / Driver.

9.Many other experiments are possible using the onboard components and Bread board .

Digital Logic Trainer (TTL) / Logic Trainer Board based on 74 series has been designed specifically to make the students familiar with the study of TTL ICs and verification of the truth table of logic gates, flip-flops, Gated & Master Slave JK flip-flops, Schmitt Trigger, Expanders , Binary address, Counters, Shift registers, Multiplexer (Encoder), Demultiplexer (Decoder), 8 Bit D/A Converter and 8 Bit A/D Converter etc. Large area of Bread Board is provided on the front panel for ICs. Students can make the circuit easily on the Bread Board with the help of other accessories which are provided on the front panel of Digital Logic Trainer. 

Practical experience on this trainer/board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Specifications:

• OUTPUT D.C. VOLTAGE : Fixed 5V and 0 - ±18V.
• OUTPUT CURRENT: 1 Amp.
• LOAD REGULATION : ± 1% of the highest specified output voltage.(NO LOAD TO FULL LOAD)
• RIPPLE AND NOISE : less than 2 mV.
• VARIABLE CLOCK FREQUENCY : 1 Hz to 1 MHz by three frequency range & multiplier.
• LOGIC INPUTS : 16 switches for High/Low
• OUTPUT INDICATORS : 16, 5 mm bright Red LEDs.
• SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY: 4 digit seven segment display with decoder driver.
• DIGITAL VOLTMETER : Digital DC voltameter range 0 - 20V.
• OPERATING CONDITIONS : 0 to 40°C and 95% R.H. at 40°C.
• BREAD BOARD : Unique solder - less large size, spring loaded breadboard consisting of 2 Terminal Strips with 640 tie points each and 4 Distribution Strips with 100 tie points each, totalling to 1680 tie points.
• INPUT VOLTAGE : 230V ±10% at 50 Hz A.C. Mains.
• ICs PROVIDED : 29 ICs have been provided. Note :Following ICs or equivalent can be provided.

Digital IC trainer (TTL) has been designed for verification of the truth table of logic gates and address etc. Students can be trained about the digital ICs by using this board. The fundamentals of the digital ICs can easily be understood by performing required experiments for verification of truth table of logic gates. Quite large area of the bread board has been provided on the panel for ICs. Students can make the circuits easily on the bread board with the help of other accessories which have been provided on the panel.  

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Specifications :

•  Output D. C. Voltage : fixed 5v ±1%.
•  Output current : 1. 5 amp.
•  Load regulation : ±1% of the highest specified output voltage. (no load to full load)
•  Ripple and noise : less than 5 mv.
•  Variable clock frequency : 1 hz -100 hz 100 hz -10 khz 10 khz - 1 mhz
•  Logic inputs : four switches for high/low.
•  Output indicators : two 5 mm bright red LEDs.
•  Seven segment display : “common anode” type red led.
•  Bread board : half main strip for connections & : one full main strip each set for ics.
•  Operating conditions : 0 to 40°c and 95% r. H. At 40°c.
•  Logic gates provided : or (7432), and (7408), not (7404) and (7400), nor (7402) & ex-or (7486)
• Extra Features : other ICs can also be used to perform required experiments with any gates/address etc.
• Input voltage : 230 v ±10% at 50 hz a. C. Mains.
• Weight : 3 kg. (approx).
• Dimension : w 340 x h 110 x d 210
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book references

Bread board trainer board has been designed to make the students familiar about the utility of Bread Board. This Bread Board Trainer is a basic lab. equipment for assembling various prototype circuits without soldering. For experiment purpose other necessary accessories are provided on the panel. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Specifications:

•  OUTPUT D.C. VOLTAGE : Fixed 5V ±1%.
•  OUTPUT CURRENT : 2 Amp.
•  OUTPUT D.C. VOLTAGE : Fixed 15V ±1%.
•  OUTPUT CURRENT : 500 mA.
•  LOAD REGULATION : ±1% of the highest specified output voltage. (NO LOAD TO FULL LOAD)
•  RIPPLE AND NOISE : less than 5 mV.
•  CLOCK PULSES : 1 Hz and 1 KHz by manual pulser.
•  LOGIC INPUTS : 8 switches for High/Low.
•  BREAD BOARD : 3 mains strips (Approx. 175mm long). : 5 bus mains strips (Approx. 175mm long).
•  FOR CONNECTIONS : 1/2 mains strip (Approx. 175mm long).
•  OPERATING CONDITIONS : 0 to 40°C and 95% R.H. at 40°C.
•  INPUT VOLTAGE : 230 V ±10% at 50 Hz A.C. Mains.
•  Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx).
•  Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Logic gates circuit trainer offers a unique entry into the world of microelectronics. The system combines simple, easy to use, ICs for various gates and flip-flops, power supply, clock input and output state with a versatile solderless bread board area. Students new to digital electronics can implement logic circuits in a matter of minutes on the bread board area. As confidence grows the student will naturally progress for using more complex logic ICs on the large bread board area. This unique approach enables the unit to be used by the absolute beginner, yet it may also be usefully employed in advanced project work. The many outstanding features of the logic trainer, combined with its ease of use and robust housing, make it the first choice for those wishing to introduce students to digital electronics for the first time. 

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Specifications:

• OUTPUT D.C. VOLTAGE : Fixed 5V ±1%        .   
• OUTPUTCURRENT : 1 Amp.
• LOAD REGULATION : ±1% of the highest specified output voltage.(NO LOAD TO FULL LOAD)
• LINE REGULATION (For ±10% change : less than 50 mV. in mains Voltage i.e. 230V)
• RIPPLE AND NOISE : less than 5 mV.
• CLOCK INPUT DEVICE : Clock pulse of 1 second.
• DEBOUNCED LOGIC SWITCH (HI/LO) : Four nos. Input voltage of HI level ³ 2.25V. Input voltage of LO leve £ l 0.8V.
• 4 BITS LED OUTPUT INDICATOR : Maximum input voltage less than or equal to 5V D.C.
• SOLDER LESS BREAD BOARD : Bread Board having one main strip, total interconnected 640 tie points for ICs and half main strip, total interconnected 320 tie points for power supply, Clock, Input and output state. Each strip having length 173mm and accepting dia 0.56mm/24SWG recommended, use only 22-26 SWG wire for interconnections.
• BASIC LOGIC GATES & : Four AND gates, Four OR gates, Four NAND gates, Four NOR gates, Six NOT FLIP FLOP UNITS gates, Dual J-K flip-flop, J.K. master/slave flip-flop & Dual D-type flip flop.
• APPLICATIONS : Verification of AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR Gates & their truth table. Verification of Boolean Algebra. The half-adder and full-adder design. Verification of D-type flip-flop and truth table. Verification of JK flip-flop and truth table. Verify cation of Dual JK Master/Slave flip-flop and truth table.

Features:      

• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object,  Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx). Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Optional Accessories :           

•  Jumper wire bag (4 reels, 5M/reel),Cutter/Stripper tool.

‘Electricity Trainer’ is a versatile training kit for a laboratory. It is designed such that all the basic electrical circuits can be tested with the help of this trainer kit. The experiments given with training system develop mental starting from an introduction to the circuit, basic fundamentals and complete circuits like series and parallel circuits, electromagnetic induction, coil behaviors with AC and DC circuits diode and transistor characteristics etc. This simple training kit provides a strong foundation for future studies in electrical or electronics. This takes students from the basic of ohm’s law, through simple series and parallel circuit analysis and into same elementary aspects of electronics where they will build circuits using capacitors, transistor and diodes. Student can study how the resistance of a light bulb filament changes as it heats up. With this system a set of coils and cores are provided- These high quality coils and laminated iron cores provides an effective introduction to electromagnetic theory. Each coil is labeled with number of turns. These can be used in study of The Equipment is Useful for Students at level in engineering / technical institutes (EC & Telecom) Technical training centers in communication organizations, R&D personal and practicing engineering in research labs and industry.

Object:
Experiments that can be performed

• 01 To study the Resistances individually, as well as in series and in parallel connections.
• 02 To study the ohm’s law mathematical relation ship between three variables voltage (V), current (I) and resistance (R).
• 03 To study the voltage and current flowing into the circuit.
• 04 To study the behavior of current when light bulbs are connected in series/parallel circuit.
• 05 To study the Kirchoff’s Law for electrical circuits
• 06 To study the R-C circuit and find out the behavior of capacitor in a R-C network and study the phase shift due to capacitor. .
• 07 To study the L-C circuit and its oscillations.
• 08 To study the characteristics of a semiconductor diode.
• 09 To study the characteristics of a transistor.
• 10 To understand the Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction.
• 11 To study the behavior of current when inductance is introduced in the circuit.
• 12 To study the Lenz’s Law and effect of eddy current.
• 13 To study the relay and construct a switching circuit by using relay
• 14 To study the Oersted experiment.
• 15 To study the phenomenon of mutual induction.
• 16 To construct and study the step down transforn1er with the help of given coils and cores.
• 17 To construct and study the step up transformer.
• 18 To study the effects of moving I core on a step up transformer.
• 19 To convert a galvanometer into voltmeter.
• 20 To convert a galvanometer into ammeter.

Specification & Features:

• DC power Supply : 5V. 200 mA
• DC power Supply : 12V. 200 mA
• AC power Supply : 6V, lA
• Relay : 12V
• Galvanometer : 30 -0 -30 .
• Galvanometer Resistance : 80 Ohm
• Light Bulbs (3 Nos.) : 6V
• Potentiometers (3 Nos.) : 25 Ohm. 1 W 10 K Ohm. 1 W
• Switch : 1 Pole, 2 Way Toggle Type
• Core Types : E, I, U
• Main Supply : 230V AC 50Hz
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

“Electricity Lab” is a versatile training kit for a laboratory. It is designed such that all the basic electrical circuits can be tested with the help of this trainer kit. The experiments given with training system develop mental starting from an introduction to the circuit, basic fundamentals and experiments on ohm's law, magnetism, relay, power, lenz's law, motors, diode, kirchoff's Law, R, L, C and many more. This simple training lab provides a strong foundation for future studies in electrical or electronics. This takes students from the basic of ohm's law, through simple series and parallel circuit analysis and into same elementary aspects of electronics where they will build circuits using capacitors and diodes. With this system a set of coils and cores are provided. These high quality coils (Labeled with number of turns) and laminated iron cores provides an effective introduction to electromagnetic theory.

Specifications:

• 01. Meters: 5 Nos.
• 1.1. AC Voltmeter : 15V
• 1.2. DC Voltmeter : 15V
• 1.3. Galvanometer : ± 250uA
• 1.4. DC Ampere Meter : 0.6Amp
• 1.5. DC Ampere Meter : 5A
• 02. Power Supply:
• 2.1. Power Supplies : 3, 6, 12Vat 3.5A
• 2.2. Power SupplyAC : 30Vat1A
• 2.3. Power SupplyDC : 5Vat100mA
• 03. Switch SPDT
• 04. Switch DPDT
• 05. Push switch
• 06. Logic Switches Two No. Push type
• 07. Relay 12VDCOne change over
• 08. Buzzer/Electric Bell
• 09. Transformer Input 6-0-6V and Output 6-0-6V
• 10. Bulb6VThree Nos.
• 11. Resistance 1E2/1W, 5E/5W, 50E/5W,100E/5W, 220E/2W, 470E/2W, 1K/1W, 100K/1W
• 12. Capacitance 1000MFD/25VTwo Nos.
• 13. Diode IN4007Two Nos.
• 14. LED5mm
• 15. Thermocouple
• 16. Potentiometer 10K
• 17. Breadboard 840Tie Points
• 18. Fuse Holder open type
• 19. Electromagnetic Induction&Transformer
• 20. Main Supply 230VAC, 50 Hz

Accessories:

• 1. Beaker 100ml - 1 No.
• 2. Patch Cords/ Connecting Leads - 12No s.
• 3. Rods/ Strips for - 1 No. each Copper, Tin, Al, Zinc,
• Glass Brass, Carbon, Iron, Acrylic,
• Lead, Stainless Steel
• 4. Magnets - 3Nos.( Bar Type-2, Horseshoe (U) type-1)
• 5. Coils - 1 No. 100 and 200 Turns
• 6. Crocodile Clips - 1 No. red and black
• 7. Battery/ Cell with holder - 2 Nos. 1.5 V
• 8. Glass Fuses - 10 Nos. 0.5A
• 9. Compass - 1 No.
• 10. Measuring Scale - 1No.
• 11. Insulated Disc - 1 No.
• 12. Motor Assembly - 1 No. including Armature,Rotor, Brush, Motor Support,
• Iron Fillings
• 13. Helix Assembly - 1 No.
• 14. Meter Demonstration - 1 No.
• 15. Core - 1 Set of U&I with Bolt
• 16. Aluminium Ring - 1 No.
• 17. Stand - 1 No. for motor action demonstration
• 18. IC - AND (IC7408), OR (Ic7432), NOT (7404) And EX-OR Gate (IC7486)
• 19. Multimeter - 1 No.
• 20. Soft Iron Piece - 1No.

Power electronics lab is used to perform power electronics circuit experiments. It is very useful in power electronics laboratories for performing power experiments in colleges and universities. It is very for student to know about the characteristics of power electronics devices and the applications of power devices. The applications or power devices are in alarm circuit, lamp flasher, rectifiers, choppers, invertors. It is also used for commutation circuits.The Equipment is Useful for Students at level in engineering / technical institutes (EC & Telecom) Technical training centers in communication organizations, R&D personal and practicing engineering in research labs and industry.

Technical Specifications:
DC Power Supply on Board

• : ± 5V at 100mA
• : ± 12V at 150mA
• : ± 15V at 50mA
• : ± 35V at 50mA

AC Power Supply on Board : 18V - 0V - 18V at 50mA

• : 15V - 0V - 15V at 50mA

Triggering Circuit on Board             : 5 gate signal output
       Frequency range                      : 40Hz to 900Hz Variable
       Amplitude                                 : 12V
                                                        PWM control of G1,G2,G3 and G4 Duty
                                                        cycle control of “Gate” Signal is 0 to 100%
Single Phase Rectifier                    : Firing angle control 0°-180° variables
Firing Circuit on Board                   : Four gate signal output with isolation
SCR Assembly                                : 4 SCRs 2P4M, 600V,2A
Power Devices                               : IGBT-G4BC20S, MOSFET-IRF540, 
                                                         UJT-2N2646,  DIAC-DB3, TRIAC-BT136,
                                                         PUT-2N6027

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the study of amplitude modulation and demodulation. This training board is based on latest solid state circuits for generating modulating signal, amplitude modulation and demodulation.

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering Students.Object:To study the process of amplitude modulation and demodulation experiments:

• To observe the carrier waveforms on C.R.O
• To modulate carrier with audio signal and to observe waveforms on C.R.O
• To measure percentage modulation of the amplitude modulated waveform
• To demodulate amplitude modulated waveform and observe on C.R.O

Features:

The board consists of the following built-in parts :

• +9V D.C. At 100mA, IC Regulated Power Supply internally connected
• Carrier generator circuit which generates carrier wave
• Modulating circuit based on two transistors
• Demodulating circuit
• Adequate no. of other electronic components
• Mains ON/OFF switch, fuse and Neon Jewel light
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 2mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections & observation of waveforms
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References
• Weight: 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension: W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the study of frequency modulation and demodulation. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.Object:

• To observe the effect of D.C. voltage on frequency of carrier waveform
• To frequency modulate the carrier with Audio signal, observe F.M. waveform on C.R.O., and measure its modulation index
• To demodulate the F.M. singal and observe the output on C.R.O.
• To plot the characteristics curve of the slope detector demodulating circuit

Features:

The board consists of the following built in parts:

• ± 12V D.C. at 100 mA, IC Regulated Power Supply
• Carrier generator circuit which generates the carrier signal
• Audio frequency modulating signal
• Variable D.C. is provided to see the frequency deviation in carrier frequency
• Frequency Modulation circuit with buffer stage at the output
• Demodulating circuit
• Adequate no. of other electronic components
• Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections & observation of waveforms
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the study of pulse amplitude modulation & demodulation. Using this training board one can know the specialized techniques of pulse amplitude modulation & demodulation.

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:

• To demonstrate sampling of a sine wave audio signal thereby converting it into pulse amplitude modulated signal (PAM).
• To demonstrate demodulation of PAM signal thereby recovering the sine wave audio signal.
• To demonstrate the effect of sampling-rate on the distortion in recovered ine wave audio signal.

Features:

The board consists of the following built-in parts:

• ±9V D.C. at 100mA, IC regulated Power Supply internally connected
• Variable frequency sampling pulse generator
• Sine wave audio frequency modulating signal generator
• PAM Modulator circuit based on an operational amplifier
• PAM Demodulator circuit based on a point contact diode and an operational amplifier
• Adequate no. of other electronic components
• Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 2mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/observation of waveforms
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz

Experimental Training Board has been designed to study on the modern techniques of pulse with modulation / demodulation. Using this training board one can know the specialized techniques of pulse with modulation and demodulation.

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.Object:

• To modulate a pulse carrier with sinusoidal signal to obtain a pulse width modulated signal
• To demodulate the pulse with modulated signal to obtain the modulating signal

Features:The board consists of the following built-in parts:

• ± 6V D.C. at 100mA, IC regulated Power Supply internally connected
• Pulse Train (Carrier) Generator based on timer IC
• 50 Hz A.C. sinusoidal modulating signal obtained from stepped down transformer
• Pulse Width Modulator based on timer
• Pulse Width Demodulator based on operational amplifier
• Adequate no. of other electronic components
• Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 2mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/observation of waveforms
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the study of frequency shift keying modulation and demodulation. The board is absolutely self contained and requires only CRO.

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering Students.Object:

• To study the generation of the frequency shift keyed output and also to demodulate the FSK output.

Features:The board consists of the following built-in parts :

• ± 12V D.C. at 20mA IC regulated power supply internally connected
• 5V D.C. at 100mA IC regulated power supply internally connected
• Quad Op-amp IC
• Decade counter IC
• Timer IC
• 4-Bit Binary counter IC
• Quad 2-input Nand gate IC
• Two potentiometers for varying the FSK input and demodulator adjust
• Adequate no.of other electronic components
• Mains ON/OFF switch,fuse and jewel light
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the study the phase shift keying modulation and demodulation. The board is absolutely self contained and requires only cro.

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students. Object:

• To study the generation of the phase shift keyed output and also to demodulate the psk output.

Features:the board consists of the following built-in parts :

• ± 5v d. C. At 100ma ic regulated power supply internally connected
• Op-amp ic.
• Decade counter ic.
• Quad op-amp. Ic
• Multiplexer ic.
• Quad, 2-input ex-or gate ic
• Mains on/off switch, fuse and jewel light.
• The unit is operative on 230v ±10% at 50hz a. C. Mains.
• Adequate no. Of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed operating instructions, giving details of object, theory, design procedures, report suggestions and book references.
• Weight : 3 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 340 x h 110 x d 210

Other apparatus required

•  Cathode ray oscilloscope 20mhz.

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for the study of amplitude shift key modulation and demodulation. The board is absolutely self contained and requires only CRO.

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.Object:

• To study the generation of the amplitude shift key output and also to demodulate the ASK output.

Features:The board consists of the following built-in parts :

• ± 12V D.C. at 50mA, IC regulated power supply internally connected.
• ± 5V D.C. at 50mA, IC regulated power supply internally connected.
• Clock Generator 200Hz to 15KHz.
• 8 Bit Word Generator.
• Logic Selection switches for high / low (9Nos).
• Binary Counter (Divided by 16 counter).
• Carrier Signal Generator 40 to 100KHz.
• Amplitude Shift Key (ASK) Modulator.
• Amplitude Shift Key (ASK) Demodulator.
• Mains ON/OFF switch, fuse and jewel light.
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

•  Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.

Experimental training board has been designed specifically for study of delta modulation and demodulation The board is absolutely self contained and requires only CRO.

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.Object:

• To study delta modulation and demodulation.

Features:The board consists of the following built-in parts :

• ±12V D.C. at 100mA IC regulated power supply internally connected.
• Quad Op-Amp IC.
• Two Up/Down counter IC.
• Digital to Analog convertor DAC IC.
• Quad two input NAND gate IC.
• Timer IC.
• Cooperator IC.
• 5V D.C. at 100mA IC regulated power supply internally connected.
• Potentiometer for varying amplitude of modulating signal.
• Mains ON/OFF switch, fuse and jewel light.
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study the various parameters in transmission line. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Object:To measure the following :

• Measuring the characteristics of a line
• Measuring the attenuation of a line
• Measuring the Input Impedance of the line
• Phase displacement between the current & voltage at input of line
• Frequency characteristic of the line
• Study of Stationary Waves
• Signal phase shift along the line
• Fault localization within the line
• Line under pulsed condition.

Features:The board consists of the following built-in parts :

• 4 Nos. Coaxial Cables 25 meters each, total Transmission line 100 metres.
• Two potentiometers for impedance matching.
• Sine/Square wave Signal Generator having frequency 40KHz to 4MHz, in two bands 40KHz to 400KHz & 400KHz to 4MHz.
• A SPDT switch to select either sine or square wave.
• A SPDT switch to select frequency either high (400KHz to 4MHz) or low (40KHz to 400KHz).
• A potentiometer to vary frequency high (400KHz to 4MHz) or low (40KHz to 400KHz).
• A potentiometer to vary amplitude.
• BNC connector to connect input.
• Adequate no. of other electronic components.
• Mains ON/OFF switch, fuse and jewel light.
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions andBook References.
• Weight : 5 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 320 x H 190 x D 235

Other Apparatus Required:

• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study digital time division multiplexing & demultiplexing. 8 channel digital multiplexer and demultiplexer are provided on the trainer. A rolling Address Generator scans the 8 channels sequentially. Data Generator with 8 different outputs act as signal sources for the 8 channels. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:

• To study digital time division multiplexing & semultiplexing.

Features:The board consists of the following built-in parts :

• ± 5V D.C. at 100mA IC regulated power supply internally connected.
• 8 : 1 Multiplexer.
• 1 : 8 Demultiplexer.
• 8 bit Data Generator.
• Clock & Address Generator.
• Mains ON/OFF switch, fuse and jewel light.
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

• Dual Trace Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study pulse code modulation & demodulation. In the basic PCM modulator the base band analog signal is covered into 8 bit digital format using an ADC. The sampling rate is set at 2.5 KHz. The 8 bit parallel data from ADC is converted into serial bit stream at 33 kbps.The PCM demodulator receives the serial data, converts it into 8 bit parallel format. The analog to digital converter transforms the 8 bit parallel data into analog level. Thus the output of DAC is a stepped approximation of input signal. A low pass filter is used to recover the analog signal. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.Object:

• To study pulse code modulation & demodulation.

Features:

The board consists of the following built-in parts :

• 5V D.C. at 100mA IC regulated power supply internally connected.
• ± 15V D.C. at 100mA IC regulated power supply internally connected.
• + 5V D.C. to -9V Variable D.C. output.
• Built in TTL Clock Generator 33 KHz.
• Modulating Signal Generator 15Hz to 300Hz.
• PCM Encoder.
• PCM Decoder.
• Data display with LED’s
• Adequate no. of other electronic components.
• Mains ON/OFF switch, fuse and jewel light.
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study of sampling theorem using pulse amplitude modulation and demodulation. The training board is complete in all respect except C.R.O. Practical experience on this set up carries great educative value for Science and Engineering Students.

Object:

To study sampling theorem using pulse amplitude modulation and demodulation.

• To generate PAM signal by modulating with audio signal by natural sampling.
• To generate PAM signal by modulating with audio signal by Flat-Top sampling.
• To generate PAM signal by modulating with audio signal by Sample / Hold circuit.
• To demodulate using Low Pass Filter to reconstruct input(sine wave).

Features:The board consists of following built in parts :

• ±15V D.C. at 100mA, IC Regulated Power Supply.
• +5V D.C. at 100mA, IC Regulated Power Supply.
• A.F. signal generator for modulating signal.
• Sampling clock generator to provide sampling clock and gate pulse.
• Modulator circuit for Flat-top natural and S/H circuit.
• Demodulator circuit to reconstruct input (sinewave).
• Mains ON/OFF switch, Fuse and Jewel light.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

• Dual Scope Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study differential pulse code modulation & demodulation. In the basic DPCM Modulator the base band analog signal is covered into 8 bit digital format using an ADC. The sampling rate is set at 2.5 Khz.The DPCM demodulator receives the serial data, converts it into 8 bit parallel format. The Digital to Analog converter transforms the 8 bit parallel data into analog level. Thus the output of DAC is a stepped approximation of input signal. A low pass filter is used to recover the analog signal.

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.Object:To study differential pulse code modulation & demodulation.Features:The board consists of the following built-in parts :

1. 5V D.C. at 100mA IC regulated power supply internally connected.
2. ± 12V D.C. at 100mA IC regulated power supply internally connected.
3. - 5V D.C. to + 5V D.C. Variable D.C. output.
4. Audio Frequency Oscillator 10Hz to 100Hz for modulation.
5. DPCM Modulator (DPCM ENCODER).
6. DPCM Demodulator (DPCM DECODER).
7. Adequate no. of other electronic components.
8. Mains ON/OFF switch, fuse and jewel light.
9. The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
10. Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
11. Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
12. Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
13. Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
14. Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

OTHER APPARATUS REQUIRED* Dual Trace Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.

Experimental training board has been designed specifically to study differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation and demodulation.

Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students. The unit is absolutely self contained except CRO.Object:

• To study differential phase shift keying modulation and demodulation.

Features:The board consists of the following built-in parts :

• ± 5V D.C. at 100mA IC regulated power supply internally connected.
• IC-1 for generating DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying) signal.
• IC-5 for generating carrier signals.
• IC-2A for generating Bit Clock.
• IC-6 for generating different Datas.
• IC-2 B & C, IC-3 C & D, IC-4 D-FF2 and Transistor 2, 3 & 4 are used as Demodulator.
• Adequate no. of other electronic components.
• Mains ON/OFF switch, fuse and jewel light.
• The unit is operative on 230V ±10% at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
• Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections /observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 3 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 340 x H 110 x D 210

Other Apparatus Required:

• Dual Trace Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz

DSB/SSB-SC amplitude modulation & demodulation trainer has been designed with a view to provide practical and experimental knowledge of amplitude modulation / demodulation technique as practically implemented in analog communication system on a SINGLE P.C.B. of size 300x400mm.

Object:To study of 01. amplitude modulation & demodulation.

• 1.1 Generate AM signal by modulation with audio signal generator
• 1.2 Measure modulation index of A.M. signal
• 1.3 Demodulate AM signal using diode detector(envelope detector)
• 1.4 Generate voice signal AM modulation and demodulation using Mic.
• 1.5 Observe the effect of DC signal input on AM output
• 1.6 Demodulate AM signal by square law detection

02. DSB-SC Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation.

• 2.1 Generate DSB-SC AM signal
• 2.2 Demodulate DSB-SC signal using product detector

03. SSB-SC Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation

• 3.1 Generate SSB-SC AM signal
• 3.2 Demodulate SSB-SC signal using product detector

Feature:The board consists of the following built-in parts:

1. IC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY : ± 15 DC and +5V DC at 100mA.
2. AF Modulation signal generator : Sine wave
   •  Frequency Range : 300 Hz to 3.4 KHz
   • Amplitude : 0 to 5 Vpp.
3.    03. RF carrier signal oscillator.
   • Frequency Range : 100 KHz to 1 MHz.
   • Amplitude : 0 to 10 Vpp.
4. Local Oscillator : 400 KHz to 500 KHz.
5. Band Pass Filter : 452 KHz to 458 KHz.
6. DC Source Variable power supply to
   • see the effect of DC on the output waveform : - 5 to + 5 VDC
7. Output Audio amplifier with Volume Control.
8. Input Audio amplifier for modulating external signal from Mike or Tape recorder.
9. Duble Balanced Amplitude modulator
10. Diode detector.
11. Product detector
12. Low pass filter.
13. Power supply requirement 230V AC, 50 Hz.
14. Mains ON/OFF switch, fuse and jewel light.
15. Dynamic Microphone with 4mm Jack Pin.
16. Loud Speaker with baffle fitted in a box with two metre wire and 2mm Banana pins for connections.
17. Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
18. Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design Procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
19. Weight : 6 Kg. (Approx.)
20. Dimension : W 412 x H 150 x D 310

Other Apparatus Required:

• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.

This trainer has been designed with a view to provide practical and experimental knowledge of DSB / SSB AM transmitter technique as practically implemented in analog communication system on a signal P.C.B. of size 300x400mm.

Object:

• Study of carrier frequency generation.
• Study of DSB / SSB AM Generation & Transmission.
• Study of Transmitter tuned circuits.

Feature:The board consists of the following built-in parts:

1. AF Modulating signal generator : Sine wave
   • Frequency Range : 300 Hz to 3.4 KHz
   • Amplitude : 0 to 5 Vpp.
2. RF carrier signal oscillator
   • Amplitude : 0 to 10 Vpp.
   • Frequency Range : 100 KHz to 1 Mhz.
3. Modulators (Two Nos) : Double Balanced Amplitude modulator
4. Ceramic Band Pass Filter : 452 KHz to 458 KHz.
5. Band Pass Filter : 1 No.
6. Switch faults : 8 Nos.
7. POWER SUPPLY : ± 12DC and +5V DC IC Regulated power supply.
8. Test points : 27 Nos.
9. BFO Oscillator : 455 KHz.
10. Input Audio amplifier with Volume Control for modulating external signal from Mike or Tape recorder.
11. Output Amplifier Transmitter : ( Gain adjustable) DSB (1MHz), SSB (1.445 MHz) connected to Antenna/cable.
12. Mains ON/OFF switch, fuse and jewel light.
13. Power supply requirement 230V AC, 50 Hz.
14. Dynamic Microphone with 4mm Jack Pin.
15. Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
16. Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design Procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
17. Weight : 6 Kg. (Approx.)
18. Dimension : W 412 x H 150 x D 310

Other Apparatus Required:

•  Cathode Ray Oscilloscope of 20MHz.

DSB / SSB AM receiver trainer this trainer has been designed with a view to provide practical and experimental knowledge of DSB / SSB AM. Receiver technique as practically implemented in analog communication system on a signal P.C.B. of size 300x400mm

Object:

• 01. Study of DSB & SSB AM reception & deletion by diode / product detectors.
• 02. Study of AGC.
• 03. Study of receiver tuned circuits.
• 04. Study of sensitivity, selectivity & fidelity of receiver.

Experiments:

• 01. Study of double sideband AM reception using envelope detector via cable.
• 02. Study of double sideband AM reception using envelope detector via Antenna.
• 03. Study of sensitivity, selectivity, of a radio receiver.
• 04. Study of single sideband AM reception using product detector.
• 05. Study of Image frequencies.
• 06. Voice transmission with DSB AM transmission / reception.

Feature:
The board consists of the following built-in parts:
01. POWER SUPPLY : ± 12DC and +5V DC IC Regulated power supply.
02. Detectors/Demodulator : 1. Diode Detector (For DSB)

• : 2. Product Detector (For SSB)

03. Frequency Range : 980KHz to 1650 KHz.
04. Intermediate frequency : 455 KHz.
05. Input Circuits : 

•  1. RF Amplifier
• : 2. Mixer
• : 3. 1st Amplifier
• : 4. 2nd Amplifier
• : 5. Local oscillator
• : 6. Envelope Detector (AGC)
• : 7. Switch Fault
• : 8. Product Detector
• : 9. IC Regulated Power Supply
• : 10. Beat frequency oscillator / 455 KHz Crystal oscillator
• : 11. Output Audio Amplifier

06. Receiving media : Telescopic Antenna / cable.
07. Tuning : with variable capacitor.
08. Switched faults : 8Nos.
09. Test points : 50.
10. Power supply requirement : 230V AC, 50 Hz.
11. Mains ON/OFF switch, fuse and LED.
12. Audio Output amplifier with Volume Control.
13. Loud Speaker with baffle fitted in a box with two metre wire and 2mm Banana pins for connections.

•  Adequate no. of patch cords stackable from rear both ends 2mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre.
• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design Procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 6 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 412 x H 150 x D 310
• Other Apparatus Required:
• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.

FM transmitter and receiver trainer has been designed with a view to provide practical and experimental knowledge of frequency modulation / demodulation technique as practically implemented in analog communication system on a single P.C.B. of size 300x400mm.

1. Object:

To Study Theory of Frequency Modulation & Demodulation:

• 01. Frequency modulation via varactor / reactance modulation.
• 02. Frequency demodulation via detuned resonant / ratio / qudrature / foster - seeley / phase locked loop detector.
• 03. Separate VCO circuit to demonstrate FM waveform.

2. Feature:

The board consists of the following built-in parts:

01. POWER SUPPLY : ± 12DC IC Regulated power supply.

02. FM Modulating signal generator : Sine wave

• Frequency Range : 300 Hz to 3.4 Khz
• Amplitude Range : 0 to 5 Vpp.

03. Modulator Type : 

• Varactor modulator (With carrier frequency adjustment)
• Reactance Modulator (With carrier frequency adjustment)

04. Demodulator : 

• :Detuned resonant detector.
• : Quadrature detector
• : Foster - Seeley Detector
• : Ratio Detector
• : Phase locked loop Detector

05. Mixer/Amplifier :

• 1 No. (With gain adjustment) Allows FM input signal to be amplitude modulated  by a noise input to demodulation.

06. Low pass Filter :

•  3.4 KHz.:Cut of frequency Amplifier (with adjustable gain)

07. VCO Circuit : 

• FM Wave form demonstrate

08 Test Point : 78

09. Power supply requirement :

• : 230VAC, 50 Hz.

10. On Board Switched Faults : 8 Nos.

11. On Board Amplitude limiter with Amplitude control.

12. Input - Output and Test points provided on board.

13. A self contained Trainer.

14. Effect of noise on the detection of FM signal may be investigated.

• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections/ observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.
• Weight : 6 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 412 x H 150 x D 310
  
  Other Apparatus Required:
• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.
• Patch Cords

LAN trainer is a versatile desktop system that provides hands on experimentation & understanding of local area Networks. The field being diverse, this trainer has been designed with an aim to touch upon the various aspects of LAN's such as hardware & cabling, software configuration & protocols. The LAN trainer is supplemented by a set of 4 exhaustive manuals covering the various aspects of LAN's. The unique feature of this trainer is an onboard Hub & Cabling setup via jumpers so as to minimize the loss of expensive cable during training.

OBJECT - Study of LAN (Local Area Network )

FEATURES

• 01. Three sets of onboard cabling setup for ethernet.
• 02. On board parallel port direct cable connection setup.
• 03. On board serial port direct cable connection setup.
• 04. A 10 mbps hub is provided onboard with the circuitry exposed.
• 05. The power supply circuit for Hub is provided onboard.
• 06.A separate Hub is also provides so to train students for multi Hub Networking.
• 07.A set of 4 exhaustive manuals covering LAN hardware & cabling, software  configurations protocols, terms & definitions.
• 08.The trainer comes with a cable fabrication kit to provide hands on experience on real cabling.

SPECIFICATION
LAN HARDWARE

• 01. 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Card : 3 Nos.
• 02. UPT Straight cable with Connectors : 5 mtr.x 3 + ½ mtr.x3
• 03. Coaxial Cable with connectors and termination : 10 mtr.
• 04. traight Parallel port cables : 2 Nos.
• 05. Straight Serial port cables : 2 Nos.
• 06. 10 Mbps 8 port Hub. : 2 Nos.
• 07. Set of patch cords for the Onboard cabling setup
• 08. Cable fabrication kit. : 8 RJ 45 male connectors, crimping tool & 10 mtr. UTP cables

TRAINING PACKAGES AND EXPERIMENTS
(A) LAN HARDWARE AND CABLING

• 01. Setup a network between 2-8 Computers using Hub and straight cables (WIN XP)
• 02. Setup a network between two Computers without using Hub by using Cross cables (WIN XP)
• 03. Multi Hub Networking (WIN XP)
• 04. Setup a networking between Two computers using parallel port direct cable connection.
• 05. Setup a networking between two computers using serial port direct cable Connection.

Description :Facsimile demonstrator is a complete educational system designed to give a clear accurate and  realistic in-sight into the working of the fax trainer. This  trainer  is designed on CAD system and the specifications are given below:

• Housing : It is housed in an elegant metal cabinet
• Dimension : 82cms x 19cms x 48cms
• Weight : (Approx.) 15KGS
• Power : 230VAC - Mains operated

SPECIFICATIONS

• Type :Desktop transceiver
• Applicable Line : Public Switched Telephone Network
• Compatibility : CCITT Group 3
• Scan Method :Horizontal -Contact Image Sensor,Vertical-intermittent Scanning by stepper Motor
• Document Size : Max - 216 X 1 000 mm , Min - 70 X 120 mm
• Document Thickness : 0.06 - 0.15 mm
• Print Method : 0.06 - 0.15 mm
• Print Method : Thermal Printing
• Recording Paper Size : 216 mm X 15M, outer diameter=40mm
• Recording Width : 216 mm
• Resolution : 
  • Horizontal - 8 dots/mm
  • Vertical - Standard Mode - 3.85 lines/mm
  • Fine mode - 7.7 lines/mm
• Coding Scheme : MH
• Modem : V.29, V.27ter with fall back function
• Modem Speed : 9600/7200/4800/2400 bps(automatically fall back)
• Power Supply: Single phase 22OV, model:180-260V AC, 50/60Hz, Single phase
• Power Consumption : Standby: 6W ,Max: 90W
• Operating Environment : Temperature: 5-400 C (41-950F) ,Humidity: 45-85%

Telephone Trainer is complete working model of telephone. It gives hands on experience on basic telephony concepts, working and different experiments on telephone.The trainer comes complete with exhaustive experiment manual, accessories, test points, and LED's for indication. The complete circuit is printed on single sided PCB in section wise format, depicting the complete flow of system. Practical experience on this trainer carries great educative value for science & engineering Students.

Experiments:

• Understanding of telephone.
• Study of telephone features.
• Study of speech circuit.
• Study of ringer.
• Study of tone dialing.
• Study of pulse dialing.
• Study of switching mechanism between subscriber :-
  1. Incoming call.
  2. Outgoing call.

Features:

• Single sided PCB depicting different working sections.
• 35 test points and LED’s provided on board to study signals.
• Power from external telephone line, no power supply is required.
• Pulse dialing as well as tone dialing facility.
• Dialer and ringer section.
• Mute, Redial and ON / OFF hook switches.
• Telephone Handset: 1 Nos.
• Weight : 4 Kg. (Approx.)

Technical Specifications :

• Line in section : One dot line connection port.
• Handset : One handset connection port.
• Keyboard : 4x3 matrix keyboard.
• Dialer : Tone and pulse.
• Facilities : Redial up to 32 digits, Mute, Redial, Flash, Pause switches.
• Indicators : Line in, Hook, tone and ringer, Call mute section.
• Control : Ringer volume control, Ringer speed control.
• Speech path : Fully Non-Blocking.
• Dial pulse ratio : 10 pps + / - 10%.
• Tone frequency : 430 Hz.
• Input power : From telephone line.

Test Points:

01. 35 No. of TP’s test points are provided on board to observe intermediate signals.

• Good Quality, reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections / observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book References.

This trainer has been designed with a view to provide practical and experimental knowledge of general circuit of PA (Public Address) system trainer on single P.C.B. of size 11¼ x 15¼”.

Practical experience on this trainer carries great educative value for science & engineering students. Object:

• To study the circuit & operation of a PA system and observe various intermediate waveforms.

Features:  

The P.A. System Trainer consists of :

• The complete circuit of a public address amplifier is printed on a single PCB.
• All part are soldered on PCB.
• Explanation, Observation, Alignment and adjustment of internal and external control possible due to single PCB.
• Easy identification of different parts is possible at a glance.
• Easy measurement of voltages and observation of waveforms at any point. Also typical voltages and waveforms are provided.
• A manual having practical detail is provided with the trainer.
• The whole circuit of public address amplifier is explained sectionwise in the manual.

Technical Specifications :

• Signal to noise ratio : 60 dB.
• Frequency response :100 Hz to 15000 Hz.
• Amplifier with two mic.inputs.
• One mic. & One Aux. inputs.
• Power supply : 220VAC 50 Hz.
• Power Output : 80 Watt RMS Max.
• Tone control : Bass, Treble.
• Audio Monitoring Indicators.
• Output Tap for speaker matching : 4,8 &16 Ohms.
• Good Quality,reliable terminal/sockets are provided at appropriate places on panel for connections / observation of waveforms.
• Strongly supported by detailed Operating Instructions, giving details of Object, Theory, Design procedures, Report Suggestions and Book Reference
• Weight :16 Kg. (Approx.)

Mobile phone trainer kit has capability of full duplex mobile communication. Provides basic theory and working fundamentals of a 2G hand set based on the NOKIA 3310/3315. This trainer kit designed with a view to provide network, power supply, charging & user interface circuits for their practical and theoretical study based on NOKIA 3310/3315. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering Students.

Features:

• Real time mobile operation
• Expanded and open trainer
• Full understanding of mobile phone working
• Frequency measurement and band verification
• Provides study of all sections in mobile phone
• TX/RX Frequency measurements
• 2G technology & GMSK signals
• GSM data rate
• Detail study of User Interface Control signals
• Detail study of SIM Operation
• Battery identification and charging study
• Switch Faults

Technical Specifications :

• Cellular System : EGSM/GSM 900
• Rx Frequency Band : EGSM 925, 960MHz: GSM 900, 935, 960MHz
• Tx Frequency Band : EGSM 880, 890MHz: GSM 900, 890, 915MHz
• Output Power : +5V, +33dBm/32mW, 2W
• Channel Spacing : 200 KHz
• Antenna : Loop type, 50W
• Display : 84 x 48 pixels
• On Board sections : Antenna, Keypad, SIM, Charging Circuit, Clock, User interface such as Buzzer, Vibrator, LEDs.
• No. of test points : 54
• No. of switched fault : 20
• Features that can be set : Screen savers, Ring tones, Logos, SMS etc.
• Accessories included : Battery, Mains cord, Manual, Hands Free Kit
• Power Requirement : 220V ± 10% 50 Hz
• Power consumption : 3.6 Watts (Approx)
• Fuse : 1.5 amps

Experiments That Can Be Performed:

• To study and measure the GMSK signals such as Tx.1/ QRx1/Q
• To study and observe the system CLK
• Observation of Audio signal
• To study and measure the power supply
• Study of charging phenomena with fault insertion
• Study and measure PWM signal of UI circuit such as Vibrator LED buzzer
• Measurement of LED with fault insertion
• Keypad study with fault insertion
• Observe and measure the SIM Card CLK with fault insertion
• Weight : 5 Kg. (Approx.)
• Dimension : W 412 x H 150 x D 310
• To study and measure frequency band

Complete working model of CD/VCD Player Trainer. It gives hands on experience on basic concepts, working of CD/VCD Player.The trainer comes complete with exhaustive manual, accessories, test points, and LED's for indication. The complete circuit is printed on single sided PCB in section wise format, depicting the complete flow of system.

Features:

• The complete circuit of a CD/VCD player is printed on a single P.C.B.
• The digital signal processing section is in assembled open out P.C.B.
• Explanation, observation, alignment and adjustment of internal and external possible due to single P.C.B.
• Easy identification of different parts and mechanism at a glance.
• Easy measurement of voltage and observation of waveforms at any point.
• A manual having practical detail is provided with the trainer.
• The whole circuit of the CD/VCD Player is explained sectionwise in detail in the manual.

Technical Specifications :

• Power Supply : 230VAC, 50Hz
• Function Switches : Play/ Pause, Forward, Rewind, Stop, Program select/ Repeat, Skip Forward, Skip Reverse, Open/ Close, Tracks Select.
• Display : Program, Time and Track status display.
• Laser : Semiconductor Laser (780nm).
• Frequency Range : 5 - 20000Hz.
• T.V. System : PAL and NTSC
• Audio Output : 200W PMPO (100W x 2 Channels)
• Speakers : 2 Nos.
• Modulation : EFM
• Quantization : 16 bit Linear
• CD Format : Audio CD, Video CD, MP3 CD can be played.
• Output Sockets : Audio Out, Video Out, RF Out (Channel 2).
• Remote Controls : Play/ Pause, Forward, Rewind, Stop, Program select/ Repeat, Skip Forward, Skip Reverse, Open/Close,Tracks Select.
• Sampling Frequency : 44.1KHz
• Distortion : 5 to 10% for expanded P.C.B.
• Controls : Bass, Treble, and Volume.
• Test points : 15
• Switch Faults : 17
• Standard Accessories : 
  1. Video CD -1 Nos.
  2. Speakers -2 Nos.
  3. A manual having practical details - 1 No.
  4. Audio / Video Connecter With Lead
  5. Remote Control

1. Weight : 6 Kg. (Approx.)
2. Dimension : W 412 x H 150 x D 310

Other Operates

• 01. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20 Mhz

AM/FM radio trainer kit has components placed over their corresponding symbols in the schematic drawing on the surface of the printed circuit board thereby maximizing the learning process and explain theory of operation of the radios. The radios are constructed in sections with each section being completely tested before moving on to the next, reducing difficult troubleshooting associated with some other kits. Trainer includes a high quality printed circuit board with schematic printed on the surface. The manual is easy to understand and assumes no previous electronics knowledge. Trainer forms a “superheterodyne” receiver of standard am (amplitude modulation) and fm (frequency modulated) broadcast frequencies.

Object:01. To study am radio reciver02. To study fm radio reciverspecifications:(1) am radio section:

• Tuning range : 520 khz – 1620 khz
• IF frequency : 455 khz
• Tracking : + - 3 db from 700 khz to 1400 khz
• 10 db signal to noise at 200 microvolt typical

(2) FM radio section:

• Tuning range : 88 mhz – 108 mhz
• IF frequency : 10. 7 mhz
• Tracking : + - 5 db from 90 mhz to 106 mhz
• Detector : uses ratio detector and full time auto frequency control
• 10 db signal to noise at 12 microvolt typical

(3) nine sections:

• Audio amplifier circuit
• AM detector circuit
• AM if circuit
• AM amplifier circuit
• AM mixer and oscillator circuit
• FM detector circuit
• First fm if amplifier circuit
• Second fm if amplifier circuit
• FM radio frequency stages

(4) other:

• Test points : 15 numbered as tp1 to tp15
• Trainer is complete with : ear phone & operational/ instruction manual.
• Loud speaker on panel

Operative voltage :

• 9volt dc battery (provided)
• 9v dc power adaptor (provided)
• Weight : 2 kg. (approx. )
• Dimension : w 308 x h 152 x d 30

Multimedia computer trainer this trainer provides training of hardware and software theory of a based on intel celeron CPU with experiments on 98 & XP. Practical experience on this board carries great educative value for science and engineering students.

Features

1. The different circuit boards of pc/at computer are exposed on a pcb.
2. Troubleshooting and fault finding procedure explained in details.
3. Artificial fault creation facilities are provided by the switches.
4. About more than 60 faults can be demonstrated at a glance.
5. Easy measurement of voltage and observation of waveforms. The typical voltages and waveforms are provided.
6. An exhaustive and skilled oriented comprehensive instructional manual with complete theory explanation.

Specifications(A) system:

1. C. P. U with fan : intel celeron.
2. Mother board : mercury 
3. Memory (ram) : 256 mb ddr ram.
4. Display adaptor card : built-in-motherboard.
5. Hard disk : 80 gb-seagate.
6. Floppy disk drive : 1. 44 mb.
7. Monitor : 15” color svga-lg / samsung
8. Key board : multimedia key board (i-ball / eq. )
9. Mouse : optical mouse with pad (i-ball / eq. )
10. SMPS : 450 watts (atx).
11. DVD ROM/writer : lg / samsung
12. Sound card : built-in-motherboard.
13. Speakers and mike : stereo speakers.
14. TV tuner card : pci with rfin, video in, s-video in
15. Video camara : web cam/easy tune
16. Modem : 56. 6 kbps.
17. Ethernet : built-in-motherboard.

(B) Training package:-

1. Trainer PCB board with fault creating facilities.
2. Training package with experiments software cd and manual

(C) Optional:-

1. TV tuner card.

List of accessories

1. Mother board driver cd with cover 1 no.
2. Bootable cd with cover 1 no.
3. Bootable floppy 2 no.
4. Mains cord detachable ( for monitor and trainer ) 2 no.
5. Trainer key 1 no.
6. Operating manual 1 no.
7. Web camera (micro soft life cam vx-1000 / eq. ) 1 no.
8. Speaker set (stereo speakers) 1 no.
9. Optical mouse with pad (i ball / eq. ) 1 no.
10. Multimedia key board (i ball / eq. ) 1 no.
11. PC monitor 15” color svga-lg / samsung 1 no.
12. Microphone (philips / eq. ) 1 no.
13. Head phone (i ball / eq. ) 1 no.
14. BNC to test prod cable 1 no.

Colour TV trainer is an ideal training equipment to teach the operation of colour TV receivers. The complete circuit of colour TV receiver is printed on single PCB. section wise coloured printing on PCB helps in easy understanding of function of different blocks. More than 50 test points allow the analysis and monitoring of the signals in different sections. It safe to operate because all the test points are protected against accidental short circuits. By using the fault simulation method, it is possible to introduce the most common breakdown and their rectification. Technical manual includes circuit diagram with component list of each section. Test point details with typical voltages and wave forms are provided in the manul. The Trainer has been specially designed with sliding main board with locking facility. The detachable CRT Unit is another feature. It can also be used as a normal desktop Colour TV receiver.

1. TV Receiver in open form with all components&controls placed on single PCB
2. Each circuit block shown in different colour for easy identification
3. Solderless fault creation&Rectification
4. Legend printing on PCB
5. More than 50 test points
6. Compact Design-Sliding Main board with locking facility
7. Can be used as Desktop Colour TV
8. Fully documented Operating Manual with glossary of terms
9. Manual and remote control operation
10. Detachable CRT Unit.

Experiments that can be performed

1. Study of RF-Section through test points, fault simulation&rectification
2. Study of VIF- section through test point, fault simulation&rectification
3. Study of Video/Chroma section through test points, fault simulation&rectification
4. Study of System Control Section through test points, faults simulation&rectification
5. Study circuit of Horizontal&Vertical Oscillator&Output sections
6. Study oc circuit of Horizontal&Vertical output sections through test points fault simulation&rectification
7. Study of R-GBvideo output Section 
8. study of Audio Sound section and many more.

Technical Specifications:

1. Standard : CCIR-B-PAL-G, 625 Lines
2. Channels : 230 2-4VHP: I (VL), 5-12VHPIII (VH) 12 -100:BANDIV&V, else : SBAND & HYPERBAND
3. Picture Tube Size : 36cms.Diagonal
4. RF Input Impedance : 75W
5. Circuit Blocks : System Control Circuit, Video IF, Sound, Tuner Section, Horizontal Oscillator, Horizontal Output, Vertical Oscillator, Vertical output, Video&Chroma Section, Power Supply, AVsections
6. ON Screen Display to set : Volume Brightness,Contrast, Colour Channel&Band Selection Tuning
7. Panel Control : ON-OFF Switch, Stand by MenuVol + / - Prog + / -
8. Remote Control Function : Volume, Brightness, Stand by, Colour, Contrast, Channel Selection, Audio Mute, AV Mode, Zoom, Swap, Scan Child Lock
9. PCB Size : 475 x375mm
10. No. Pf Faults : 21
11. No. of test Points : 55
12. I.F. Frequency : Video - 38.9MHz,Audio - 33.4MHz
13. Speaker Size : 50 x125mm
14. Accelerating Potential : 24KVmax
15. Operating Voltage for EHT : 110V
16. Mains Supply : 230V± 15%, 60Hz on request
17. Power Consumption : 75VA(Approx)
18. Dimensions :W590x D490 x H525
19. Weight : 19Kg. (Approx)

Oscilloscope demonstrator trainer is specifically designed for the study of working of an oscilloscope in an open form. The controls are placed actually at the place as they are in the layout schematic. Thus a trainee can easily locate any section, & components in the section and study it thoroughly. The function controls and the adjustment controls are fully accessible to the trainee to verify their effect on the working of the scope. Creation of faults and rectification of faults are important exercise covered in the experiments. An illustrated block and circuit schematic and the adjustment plan right in front of the trainee's eyes helps him tocorrelate each operation during the demonstration.

• Oscilloscope in open form with all components and controls placed on single PCB
• Amplifier, Time base, Channel section signal available on test points
• Separate sections for PS, EHT, VA, HA, TB & Trigger for easy identification
• Fault creation & rectification provided
• Track printing with different colours on different sections on component board for easy circuit training
• Legend Printing on PCB for easy identification of components
• Can be used as a standard 20 MHz Dual Trace Oscilloscope

Technical Specifications

Operating Modes

Channel I, Channel II, Channel I & II Alternate or chopped, Controls

provided on PCB. Channel selection signals available at Test points. X-Y

operation 1:1

Vertical deflection (Y):

(Identical channels)

• Bandwidth : DC-20 MHz (-3 dB)
• Risetime : 17.5 ns (approx.)
• Deflection coefficients : 12 calibrated steps 5 mV / cm - 20 V / cm (1-2-5 sequence)
• Accuracy : ±3 %
• Input Impedance : 1 MW II 30 pF
• Input coupling : DC - AC - GND
• Maximum Input voltage : 350 V (DC + Peak AC) Pre-Amp, Final Amp Outputs at Test Points.
• Timebase:
• Time coefficients : 18 calibrated steps, 0.5 ìs / cm - 0.2 s / cm (1-2-5 sequence) with magnifier x 5 to 100 ns / cm, with variable control to 40 ns / cm
• Accuracy : ± 3 % (in Cal position) TB generation at Test Points Sweep Output : 5 V (approx.)
• Trigger System:
• Modes : Automatic or Variable
• Source : CH I, CH II, External
• Slope : Positive or Negative
• Coupling : AC, TV Frame
• Sensitivity : Int 5 mm, Ext 1 V (approx.)
• Trigger Bandwidth : 30 Mhz
• Horizontal Deflection (X)
• Bandwidth : DC - 2 MHz (-3 dB)
• X - Y mode : Phase Shift < 5° at 50 KHz
• Deflection coefficients : 12 calibrated steps 5 mV / cm - 20 V / cm (1-2-5 sequence)
• Input Impedance : 1 MW II 30 pF
• Component Tester :
• Test Voltage : Max 8.6 V (Open) rms
• Test Current : Max 8 mA (Shorted) rms
• Test Frequency : 50 Hz, Test circuit grounded to chassis

The power supply trainer is a comprehensive training system for the laboratories. It is useful in understanding the various concepts of a DC power supply. As we know that power supply is a very basic element of any electronic circuit or appliance. Starting from a mobile charger to a huge Computer system, each needs an efficient power supply. It is essential for an engineer to know basic concepts of electronic power supplies. This trainer describes the transformer, rectifiers, filters, regulators, role of bleeder resistor, load and line regulation etc. While performing any experiment students have to connect the links by patch cords so it is very helpful for students to learn the inputs and outputs of different sections of any power supply circuit. It also consists of a demonstration bridge which is made up of LEDs for visualization of each part of an AC cycle.

• Real time appearance of components
• Test points are provided in different sections of power supply
• Demonstration bridge
• Designed by considering all the safety standards
• Provided with a detailed Operating manual
• Low cost yet including many experiments
• 2 Years Warranty

Technical Specifications

• Input : 230 V ±10%, 50 Hz
• Outputs
• Zener diode outputs : 10 V, 5.6 V regulated
• Regulators outputs : 
  • +12 V regulated
  • -12 V regulated
  • 1.8 to 17 V adjustable
• Load : 5 K variable with 1 K
• fixed resistance.
• Bleeder Resistor : 5 K variable with 1 K fixed resistance.
• Astable Multivibrator : 1 Hz, 14 Vpp
• Transformer : Primary 0 to 220 V Secondary 18-0-18, 6-0-6 (500 mA)
• Fuse : 500 mA (slow blow, sparefuse is given in mains socket)
• Dimension (mm) : W 365 × D 265 × H 120
• Weight : 2 Kg (approx)

Experiments that can be performed

• Study of Transformers and its working
• Study of Two diode Full Wave Rectifier
• Study of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier
• Study of Demonstration Bridge
• Study of Ripple Factor and to calculate Ripple Factor of Half Wave, Full Wave and Bridge Rectifier
• Study of LC and ð filter
• Study of Bleeder Resistor and its effect on load current
• Study of Zener Diode as Regulator
• Study of Positive Regulated Supply
• Study of Negative Regulated Supply
• Study of Adjustable Regulated Supply
• Study of Line Regulation
• Study of Load Regulation

The SMPS trainer is a very adaptable product that has been designed to explain a very remarkable and frequently used Switching based power supply - The SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply). The Trainer is designed to understand each section of SMPS in straight forward way. Various test points has been provided so that one can observe the inputs and outputs of each block contained.Being different from a conventional block diagram internal structures of different blocks are also shown. Switching Transformer and Chopper (the Heart of SMPS) are alsopresented to readily understand their operation and pin configuration.

• A low cost Training System demonstrating all basic concepts of SMPS
• In depth elucidation of Switching Transformer, which is one of the most important component of SMPS
• Variac can be connected with the kit
• Fault identification feature enabled
• Easy illustration of each block
• Designed with considering all safety standards
• Provided with a detailed Operating manual
• 2 Years Warranty

Technical Specifications

• Input : 80 to 230 VAC ±10%, 50 / 60 Hz
• Outputs : 
  • +12 V DC regulated
  • : -12 V DC regulated
  • : +5 V DC regulated
• Switching Transformer
• Input : 320 V DC switching at 132 KHz
• Output : 30 VAC (approx)
• Fuse : 500 mA (Slow blow, spare fuse is given with mains socket)
• Dimension (mm) : W 365 × D 265 × H 120
• Weight : 1.3 Kg (approx

Experiments that can be performed

• Study of Switching Transformer
• Study of PWM switching device
• Study of Optocoupler
• Study of Regulation
• Study of SMPS with Variac input
• Study of various faults and their removal in SMPS circuit

The UPS trainer is a very versatile training system,has been designed to explain a very interesting and frequently used switching based power supply - The UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply). The product is designed keeping in mind that a student can understand each block of UPS in a very easy way. Various test points have been provided so that one can check inputs and outputs of each block contained. Being different from a conventional block diagram internal structure of blocks is also shown. AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) is presented in such a way that a student can readily understand its functioning and pin configuration. Since UPS is different from an inverter because its switching changeover time is less than 3 mS which is very less so a computer system doesn't get reboot.

• In depth explanation of PWM switching technology, which is one of the most important feature of UPS
• A Low cost product demonstrating all basic concepts of UPS
• Various test points are provided so that one can easily measures the voltages of different sections
• Designed considering all safety standards
• Provided with a detailed Operating manual
• 2 Years warranty

Technical Specifications

• Input : 190 to 260 V 10%, 50 Hz
• Output : 230 V

Transformer specifications

• Input : 12 - 0 - 12 V
• Outputs : 
  • 0, 190, 220, 240, 260 V
  • 18 - 0 for battery charging
• Dimension (mm) : W 365 × D 265 × H 120
• Weight : 5 Kg (approx)

Experiments than can be performed

• Study of PWM Technology
• To understand the overall functioning of UPS Trainer
• Study of AVR transformer section of UPS
• To study the UPS circuit in load condition
• To identify different faults and to study the systematic procedure of their troubleshooting in UPS circuit

The “Function Generator Trainer ” is a versatile training kit for electrical and electronics laboratories. It is designed to explain the fundamentals of signal generation. A function generator is a product that can produce various patterns of voltage at a variety of frequencies and amplitudes. This function generator Trainer allows students to produce the different waveforms and to understand the concept of their generation.
Features: 

• A low cost trainer demonstrating all basic concepts of function generator
• Exclusive presentation and easy illustration of each block
• Designed considering all safety standards
• Low sine wave distortion
• Low variation with temperature
• Fault creation and troubleshooting
• Onboard Frequency range display
• Provided with elaborated operating manual

Technical Specifications :

• Frequency Ranges : Selectable
  • 1 Hz to 10 Hz
  • 10 Hz to 100 Hz
  • 100 Hz to 1 KHz
  • 1 KHz to 10 KHz
  • 10 KHz to 100 KHz
• Sine Wave Generation : By Wave Shaping Circuit
• Switched Faults : 4 Nos.
• Fuse : 350 mA, slow blow
• Power Supply : Max 230VAC, 50 Hz ±10%
• Dimensions (mm.) : W 250 × D 130 × H 30
• Weight : 2 Kg. Approx.

List of Experiments :

• Study of Electrical Waveforms generated by Function Generator.
• Study of Triangular Waveform Generation.
• Study of Sinusoidal Waveform Generation.
• Study of Square Waveform Generation.
• Study of Duty Cycle of Square Waveform.
• Study of TTL Waveform Generation.
• To create and identify different faults in the circuit and study their troubleshooting methods.

Frequency Counter Trainer, is an exclusive and attractively designed product to demonstrate the fundamental principle and functioning of Frequency Counter. It includes various circuits namely, attenuator circuit, wave shaping circuit, frequency divider circuit, display driver circuit, and gate time circuit. All these circuits are incorporated on a single board for study and verification. Simple representation of all the circuits can explain corresponding functionality in a very easy way to perceive the logics.

• Exclusive and Compact design
• Stand alone operation
• Inbuilt +5V, -12V SMPS
• Diagrammatic representation of Frequency Counter circuit
• Low cost
• e-Manual

Technical Specifications

• Frequency Range : 20 Hz - 30 MHz
• Resolution : 
  • 10 Hz (60 KHz Range)
  • 10 KHz (30 MHz Range)
• Sensitivity : 0.5 Volts
• Accuracy : ± (0.5% +1D) of rdg
• Attenuation : 1 : 1, 1 : 20
• Input Coupling : AC
• Input Impedance : 1 MW
• Max. Input Voltage : 200 V (DC + AC Peak)
• Display : 4 digits, 7 Segment LED Display

Scope of Learning

• Study of Frequency Counter
• Study of Attenuator Circuit
• Study of Wave Shaping Circuit
• Study of Frequency Divider Circuit
• Study of Frequency Counter and Display Driver Circuit
• Study of Gate Time Circuit
• Study of Sensitivity of Frequency Counter.

RFID Trainer is a versatile training system for laboratories. It consists of many experiments to understand the basics of the Technology. RFID is the abbreviated form of Radio Frequency Identification. RFID means storing and retrieving data through Electromagnetic Transmission to a RF compatible circuit. RFID Technology can be viewed as a new generation of Technology that replaces barcodes. However it is a core Technology with much wider range of applications in logistics, traffic, security, monitoring application etc. It is a passive RFID system, working on 13.56 MHz Frequency range and supports multi protocols. Our system has a RFID reader module with an antenna and some RFID tag cards which support different protocols and each has different U.I.D (Unique Identification) number.The trainer kit consists of a reader chip for reading the tag and a microcontroller for processing the data. The transreceiver chip is a reader chip . Tags contain different Ics for different protocols.

• Highly integrated analog circuitry to demodulate,
• Decode and Respond
• 3.56 MHz multi protocol support
• Provided with LCD and software
• RS-232 Interface
• On board LED Indication
• On board Buzzer indication
• On board Antenna
• Provided with application program software
• Test points are provided to observe the signals
• 2 Years Warranty

Technical Specifications:

• Operating Frequency : 13.56 MHz
• Modulation Type : ASK
• Operating Range : Less than 10 cm
• Protocol Support : 
• Application Software : This programme helps the students to understand the attendence records by using RFID technology
• Supply Voltage  : 3.3 V for controller and Reader,5 V for LCD display
• Micro Controller : 89C51 ED2 with 256 KByte RAM and
• 64 KByte ROM
• Antenna : Inductively coupled coil type
• Power Supply : 230 V ± 10%, 50 Hz
• Dimension (mm) : W365 ´ D 265 ´ H 120
• Fuse : 250 mA

The ATM Demonstrator is a very special Training System that has been designed to understand the working of an Automated Teller machine.The product is designed in such a way that a student can understand each block of ATM in a very easy way. Various test points are given to check inputs and outputs of each block. Being different from a conventional block diagram, internal structures of different blocks are also shown.

• Exclusive appearance and easy illustration of ATM Technology
• A Low cost training system demonstrating all basic concepts of ATM
• Various test points are provided for study purpose
• Provided with an extensive manual
• 2 years Warranty

Experiments that can be performed

• Study of ATM Demonstrator operation
• Study of Micro controller based ATM card
• Study of Microcontroller processing with Keypad and LCD
• Study of ATM PC interfacing
• Study of ATM Application Software

Technical Specifications

• Input : 6 V DC
• Display : 16 × 2 Characters LCD
• Microcontroller : PIC16F877A , PIC16F84A
• PC-Interface : RS - 232 (DB-9)
• Key Matrix : 4 × 3
• Dimension (mm) : W 355 × D 260 × H 125
• Weight : 1.5 Kg (approx)