Friction-Tribology

• Low cost, effective teaching
• Self-contained
• Bench mounted
• 4 friction materials supplied as standard
• Other materials available
• Determination of coefficient of sliding and 
  static friction
• Three year warranty

Range of Experiments

1. To determine the coefficient of friction under static and sliding conditions between various materials and steel
2. To verify the angle of friction for the material
3. To measure the force required to move a body up an inclined plane against gravity and friction

Description

The 600mm stainless steel plane can be locked in any angular position between ±45°, indicated on a semi-circular protractor scale. Four slider trays are supplied having nylon, brass, aluminium and brake lining material bases. Each tray in turn is attached to a weight hanger and weights are added until the tray just begins to slide. The experiment may also be used as an exercise in equilibrium of forces, determining the force required to move the tray along the plane giving the coefficient of friction.

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results.

• Low cost, effective teaching.
• Self-contained.
• Wall mounted.
• Brake lining friction material.
• Variable plate pressure.
• 3 diameters of friction plate.
• Determination of coefficient of friction.
• Three year warranty.

Range of Experiments

1. To determine the coefficient of friction of the plate material.
2. To show that the minimum torque to maintain rotation is proportional to the axial load and diameter of the friction disc.

Description

The wall mounted apparatus comprises a lower stationary plate with friction discs and an aluminum alloy plate whose shaft rotates in ball bearings but which is in direct contact with the stationary plate.

The minimum force on the friction disc is the self weight of the upper plate, but the contact pressure can be increased by adding weights to the upper plate. Pure torque is applied to the upper plate through two loaded cords and pulleys. Three interchangeable friction discs are supplied of different diameters.

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results.

• Low cost, effective teaching.
• Self-contained.
• Wall mounted.
• Range of pivot angles supplied.
• Optional bearings available.
• Determination of coefficient of friction.
• Three year warranty.

Range of Experiments

1. To investigate the relationship between frictional torque and axial thrust.
2. To determine the influence of the bearing cone angle.
3. To obtain the coefficient of friction for different bearings.

Description

The apparatus consists of a rotating circular table on a vertical shaft. A variety of end pivots can be attached to the lower end of the shaft.

The unit rotates on an interchangeable seating selected to match the core angle of the pivot. Pure torsion is applied to the table through a pair of diametrically opposite loaded cords and pulleys. The thrust on the bearing can be varied by adding weights to the table.

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design.

Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results.

• Self-contained
• Free-standing, floor mounted
• Variable load, speed and lubrication
• Determination of coefficient of friction
• Three year warranty

Range of Experiments

1. Determination of coefficient of friction between two bearing surfaces
   
   
   • - Dry, no lubrication
   • - Lightly lubricated
   • - Fully lubricated
2. To investigate the effect of lubrication on
   
   
   • - Journal load
   • - Shaft speed
   • - Operating temperature
   • - Type of lubricant
3. To establish the relationship between the friction torque and
   
   
   • - Journal load
   • - Operating temperature
   • - Type of lubricant

    

Description:

This apparatus is designed to determine the friction torque in a plain journal bearing under varying conditions of load, speed and lubrication. The ground steel shaft is driven by a 250W variable speed electric motor. The journal housing has a thermometer pocket, a sight feed lubricator and a removeable end cover. Oil cannot be thrown out. Friction due to end face contact is very much reduced by the use of a "floating" sleeve.

Friction torque is measured by adding weights to a load hanger suspended from the damped torque arm. Weights added to the lower hanger apply a steady load to the bearing of up to 650N.

White metal, sintered bronze and impregnated PTFE sleeves are supplied.

An electronic tachometer is provided for measurement of the shaft speed.

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results.

• Low-cost effective teaching
• Self-contained
• Wall mounted
• Comparative friction of 4 bearing materials
• Can double as flywheel apparatus
• Three year warranty

Range of Experiments

1. To compare the frictional losses of bearings by measuring the coefficient of sliding friction between pairs of materials
2. To measure the reduced losses when a ball or roller bearing is used

Description

The apparatus consists of a flywheel on a horizontal shaft carried in a pair of similar bearings, the flywheel being used to even out small variations in friction. The shaft is of mild steel, and interchangeable bearings in a range of materials are provided.

This experiment provides an opportunity to study journal bearing friction over a range of commonly used materials including a self lubricating sintered bronze. For comparison a ball or roller bearing is available to demonstrate the advantages of rolling rather than sliding contact.

Torque is applied by a loaded cord wrapped round the flywheel shaft.

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results.

• Low-cost effective teaching.
• Self-contained.
• Wall mounted.
• Comparative friction of 4 bearing materials.
• Three year warranty.

Range of Experiments

1. To compare the frictional losses of bearings by measuring the coefficient of sliding friction between pairs of materials.
   
   

Description

The apparatus consists of a flywheel on a horizontal shaft carried in a pair of similar bearings, the flywheel being used to even out small variations in friction. The shaft is of mild steel, and interchangeable bearings in a range of materials are provided.

This experiment provides an opportunity to study journal bearing friction over a range of commonly used materials.

Torque is applied by a loaded cord wrapped round the flywheel shaft.

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results.

• Low-cost effective teaching.
• Self-contained.
• Wall mounted.
• Variable angle of lap.
• 4 different vee angles.
• Determination of coefficient of friction.
• Verification of belt tension law.
• Three year warranty.

Range of Experiments

1. To investigate the ratio of belt tensions when a rope passes over pulleys of different Vee angle
2. To determine the coefficient of friction between the steel pulley and cotton rope.
3. To assess the variation of belt tension ratio with lap angle.
   
   

Description

The apparatus consists of a wall mounted fixed pulley with a loaded belt. Four different pulleys are supplied with different vee groove angles; flat rim, 120°, 90°, and 60°.

A load is added to one of two hangers until the rope just begins to slide. This is the datum condition. Loads are now added to both sides of the rope to cause very slow sliding of the rope. This enables the coefficient of friction to be obtained.

The angle of lap can be easily varied.This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results.

• Low-cost effective teaching.
• Self-contained.
• Wall mounted.
• Variable angle of lap.
• Flat, round and vee belts.
• Determination of coefficient of friction.
• Verification of belt tension law.
• Three year warranty.

Range of Experiments

1. To observe the relationship between the tensions in the two sides of a belt
2. To assess the differences between Vee, rope, and flat belts
3. To determine the coefficient of friction between the pulley and belt for the belt sections
4. To investigate the effect of angle of lap

Description

The apparatus consists of a wall mounted pulley with a loaded belt. The pulley is made of aluminum and has two machined grooves to suit a flat Vee belt, and a rope.

For a given belt tension and angle of lap, a turning moment can be applied by adding weights to the pulley drive hanger. The idea is to determine the torque which just causes the pulley to turn, and so to find the ratio of the belt tensions. This enables the belt tension equation to be verified and the coefficient of friction to be determined.

The angle of lap can be easily varied.

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results.

• Low-cost effective teaching
• Self-contained
• Bench mounted
• Particularly suitable for motor vehicle
  teaching
• Comparison of leading and trailing shoes
• Determination of coefficient of friction
• Simulates real brake drum
• Three year warranty

Range of Experiments

1. To determine experimentally the variation of tangential force with braking load
2. To obtain the coefficient of friction between the aluminium drum and the brake shoe
3. To compare leading and trailing shoes
   

Description

An aluminium brake drum has a torque applied to it by a loaded weight hanger. The sense of rotation of the torque determines whether the single brake shoe acts as a leading or trailing shoe.

A braking load is applied through a second loaded hanger. Direct comparison of tangential force and braking load is obtained and the coefficient of friction determined.

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results.

• Self-contained.
• Bench mounted.
• Thought provoking determination of coefficient of sliding friction.
• Investigation of single harmonic motion.
  of oscillating bar.
• Verification of equation of motion.
• Three year warranty.

Range of Experiments

1. To determine the coefficient of sliding friction between the mild steel wheels and a bar of various materials.
2. To verify the equation of motion for the oscillating bar.
3. To study the definition of an influence line for shear force.
4. To investigate the effect of the vertical position of the bar center of gravity.

Description

A variable speed electric motor drives two rotating wheels on which a specimen bar oscillates with a single harmonic motion due to the even pressure that it exerts on each wheel in turn. The bar frequency is dependent on the coefficient of sliding friction. A number of specimen bars of different materials are provided. The distance between the two wheels can be varied. A stop watch is provided.

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught. A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results. 

• Designed for use with small Windmills.
• Variable wind speed.
• Sensibly uniform wind speed distribution.
• Swirl free.
• Fan noise silenced.
• Three year warranty.

Range of Experiments

1. Not directly applicable, but the wind stream has to be calibrated before use. 32 Wind speed readings distributed across the flow have to be obtained from which the average wind speed is determined, for a range of wind speeds.

Description

Designed to match the  Windmill, the wind machine develops a wind stream of 1000mm nominal diameter at a range of speeds upto 10m/s. Wind speed distribution is reasonably uniform, and silencers are fitted to reduce the noise from the recirculating fan.

The wind is generated by an eight blade axial flow fan driven by a three phase variable speed, six pole electric motor.

A stator and honeycomb diffuser are installed downstream of the fan to reduce wind swirl.

The  Windmill can be attached to the mainframe of the wind machine .

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught.

A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results. 

• Low cost, effective teaching.
• Genuine commercial product, modified.
• Variable number of blades.
• Variable blade angle.
• Determination of power output and efficiency.
• Requires source of wind.
• Three year warranty.

Range of Experiments

1. To determine the electrical power output and stalling point for a windmill over a range of
   
   
   • Wind speed
     
   • Blade Angle
     
   • Number of Blades
   
   
2. To investigate the effect of blade stall v. power output
3. To determine the electrical and mechanical efficiencies of the windmill for the same variables as in (1).

Description

The windmill is a modified version of a small commercial machine used for yachts and country cottages. It has six plastic aerofoil shaped blades mounted in a hollow hub which contains a set of permanent magnets and a looped conductive winding. When the mill rotates, an alternating voltage is generated.

Windings are mounted on a disc, which is fixed to a shaft running in bearings. This shaft is restrained by a phosphor bronze spring, strain gauged to measure torque. An inductive transducer is used to measure rotor speed. From these results the mechanical power can be established. Electrical power output is measured in terms of the output voltage across a variable load.

The six blades are mounted in adjustable bosses so that their pitch can be altered. Blades can also be removed to assess the effect of blade solidity.

A source of wind is required. This can be provided by the  Wind Machine.

This equipment is part of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering principles being taught.

A complete instruction manual is provided describing the apparatus, its application, experimental procedure and typical test results.